''Anisocentropus krampus'' is a species of

caddisfly The caddisflies (order Trichoptera) are a group of insects with aquatic larvae and terrestrial adults. There are approximately 14,500 described species, most of which can be divided into the suborders Integripalpia and Annulipalpia on the basis ...

in the family

Calamoceratidae Calamoceratidae is a family of caddisflies in the order Trichoptera. There are about 9 genera and at least 120 described species in the family Calamoceratidae. ITIS Taxonomic note: *Type genus: Calamoceras F Brauer, 1865. Genera * '' Anisocen ...

. It was described in 1994 by

Austria Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine Federal states of Austria, states, of which the capital Vienna is the List of largest cities in Aust ...

entomologist Entomology (from Ancient Greek ἔντομον (''éntomon''), meaning "insect", and -logy from λόγος (''lógos''), meaning "study") is the branch of zoology that focuses on insects. Those who study entomology are known as entomologists. In ...

and found in

New Britain New Britain () is the largest island in the Bismarck Archipelago, part of the Islands Region of Papua New Guinea. It is separated from New Guinea by a northwest corner of the Solomon Sea (or with an island hop of Umboi Island, Umboi the Dampie ...

Name

Malicky did not specify an

etymology Etymology ( ) is the study of the origin and evolution of words—including their constituent units of sound and meaning—across time. In the 21st century a subfield within linguistics, etymology has become a more rigorously scientific study. ...

. However as other new species described in the same

paper Paper is a thin sheet material produced by mechanically or chemically processing cellulose fibres derived from wood, Textile, rags, poaceae, grasses, Feces#Other uses, herbivore dung, or other vegetable sources in water. Once the water is dra ...

, such as '' Ganonema dracula'' and '' Anisocentropus golem'', seem to reference monsters from

central Europe Central Europe is a geographical region of Europe between Eastern Europe, Eastern, Southern Europe, Southern, Western Europe, Western and Northern Europe, Northern Europe. Central Europe is known for its cultural diversity; however, countries in ...

such as

Count Dracula Count Dracula () is the title character of Bram Stoker's 1897 gothic horror novel ''Dracula''. He is considered the prototypical and archetypal vampire in subsequent works of fiction. Aspects of the character are believed by some to have been i ...

and the

golem A golem ( ; ) is an animated Anthropomorphism, anthropomorphic being in Jewish folklore, which is created entirely from inanimate matter, usually clay or mud. The most famous golem narrative involves Judah Loew ben Bezalel, the late 16th-century ...

, the

specific epithet In Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin gramm ...

likely refers to

Krampus The Krampus () is a horned anthropomorphic figure who, in the Central and Eastern Alpine folkloric tradition, is said to accompany Saint Nicholas on visits to children during the night of 5 December (''Krampusnacht''; "Krampus Night"), imme ...

Description

The distinguishing features of this species are the colorful wings and the male external copulatory organs, especially the laterally protruding lobes of the 10th segment. The designs on the

forewing Insect wings are adult outgrowths of the insect exoskeleton that enable insects to fly. They are found on the second and third thoracic segments (the mesothorax and metathorax), and the two pairs are often referred to as the forewings and hindwi ...

in particular is one of the distinguishing characteristics for this and other related species. The

thorax The thorax (: thoraces or thoraxes) or chest is a part of the anatomy of mammals and other tetrapod animals located between the neck and the abdomen. In insects, crustaceans, and the extinct trilobites, the thorax is one of the three main di ...

, head, and appendages are light brown with golden yellow hairs. The antennae also are covered in the same gold hairs. The abdomen is dark brown. The forewings are also golden yellow with a wide dark brown transverse band in the lower third and irregularly rounded dark brown spot in the distal third. The forewings are broad in shape with a rounded outer margin, 10 mm long in males and 10–11 mm in females. The

hindwing Insect wings are adult outgrowths of the insect exoskeleton that enable insects to fly. They are found on the second and third thoracic segments (the mesothorax and metathorax), and the two pairs are often referred to as the forewings and hindw ...

s are dark brown and pearlescent. The ninth segment of the external copulation organs of males are wide with the anterior edge projecting out in the lower third area. On the dorsal side are a pair of long, pointed lobes. The tenth segment bends downwards laterally with two pairs of sharp points. In the dorsoventral view, a pair of lobes extend far outward and only then bent down into points. Yet the caudal pair of spikes is shorter. The pre-anal appendages are long, oval, and erect, and in the cavity of a projecting side lobe of the 9th segment. Laterally the lower appendages are short and triangular, but ventrally they appear long, slender, and directed outwards. ''Anisocentropus krampus'' closely resembles '' Anisocentropus maclachlani'', which differs by having brown-black forewings with a yellow Y-shape. It also resembles '' Anisocentropus tosavos'', but the pattern on the forewings also differs.

Distribution

''Anisocentropus krampus'' is in the '' Anisocentropus latifasciata'' diagnostic

species group In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each oth ...

, which has a

Gondwana Gondwana ( ; ) was a large landmass, sometimes referred to as a supercontinent. The remnants of Gondwana make up around two-thirds of today's continental area, including South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia (continent), Australia, Zea ...

n distribution. The type locality for ''A. krampus'' is Kongi (alternatively spelled Komgi) on the

Gazelle Peninsula The Gazelle Peninsula is a large peninsula in northeastern East New Britain, Papua New Guinea located on the island of New Britain within the Bismarck Archipelago, situated in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The Rabaul caldera is located on t ...

on the island of New Britain in

Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an island country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean n ...

at about 1000 m elevation. Four specimens were collected as part of the 1961–1962 . The

holotype A holotype (Latin: ''holotypus'') is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of s ...

and

paratype In zoology and botany, a paratype is a specimen of an organism that helps define what the scientific name of a species and other taxon actually represents, but it is not the holotype (and in botany is also neither an isotype (biology), isotype ...

s are kept at the

University of Copenhagen Zoological Museum The Copenhagen Zoological Museum ( Danish: ''Zoologisk Museum'') was a separate zoological museum in Copenhagen, Denmark. It is now a part of the Natural History Museum of Denmark, which is affiliated with the University of Copenhagen. The separa ...

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2587475 Insects described in 1994 Integripalpia Insects of Papua New Guinea Endemic fauna of Papua New Guinea Fauna of New Britain Krampus