The Anisakidae are a
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
of intestinal
nematode
The nematodes ( or ; ; ), roundworms or eelworms constitute the phylum Nematoda. Species in the phylum inhabit a broad range of environments. Most species are free-living, feeding on microorganisms, but many are parasitic. Parasitic worms (h ...
s (roundworms). The
larva
A larva (; : larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into their next life stage. Animals with indirect development such as insects, some arachnids, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase ...
e of these worms can cause
anisakiasis
''Anisakis'' ( ) is a genus of parasitic nematodes that have life cycles involving fish and marine mammals. They are infective to humans and cause anisakiasis. People who produce immunoglobulin E in response to this parasite may subsequently ha ...
when ingested by humans, in raw or insufficiently cooked fish.
Anisakidae worms can infect many species of fish, birds, mammals and even reptiles.
They have some traits that are common with other parasites. These include: spicules, tail shapes and caudal papillae.
This family of parasites have a complex life cycle, meaning that they come in contact with more than one host throughout the duration of their life. Adult Anisakidae worms lay eggs in the gut of many species of marine mammals, and then these eggs are excreted from the host via fecal matter. Once these hatched larvae are in open water, they can be ingested by krill or other crustaceans. At this stage, the prevalence, or proportion of infected hosts, is rather low. The infected crustaceans can then be eaten by fish and cephalopods, where the parasite then furthers its development. Once the fish obtains the parasite, it then can reach the definitive host, or final host, through the consumption of the infected fish.
The prevalence of this parasite in humans is higher in places that regularly consume raw fish, such as Japan, France, Spain, and other European countries. There have been reported incidents of this parasites worldwide, but not as prevalent as the above-mentioned countries.
List of genera
List of genera according to the World Register of Marine Species:
[Bezerra, T.N.; Decraemer, W.; Eisendle-Flöckner, U.; Hodda, M.; Holovachov, O.; Leduc, D.; Miljutin, D.; Mokievsky, V.; Peña Santiago, R.; Sharma, J.; Smol, N.; Tchesunov, A.; Venekey, V.; Zhao, Z.; Vanreusel, A. (2020). Anisakidae Skrjabin & Karokhin, 1945. In: ]
* ''
Acanthocheilus''
Molin, 1858
* ''
Anisakis
''Anisakis'' ( ) is a genus of parasitic nematodes that have life cycles involving fish and marine mammals. They are infective to humans and cause #Anisakiasis, anisakiasis. People who produce immunoglobulin E in response to this parasite may su ...
''
Dujardin Dujardin is a French surname, meaning "from the garden", and may refer to:
* Charlotte Dujardin (born 1985), British dressage rider
* Édouard Dujardin (1861–1949), French writer
* Félix Dujardin (1801–1860), French biologist
* Jean Dujar ...
, 1845
* ''
Brevimulticaecum''
Mozgovoi, 1951 [Mozgovoy AA. 1951. Ascaridata of mammals in the USSR (Anisakoidea). Trudy Gel’mintologicheskoy Laboratorii Akademii Nauk SSSR, 5, 14–22. ]n Russian
N, or n, is the fourteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages, and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''en'' (pronounced ), plural ''ens''.
History
...
/ref>
* ''Contracaecum
''Contracaecum'' is a genus of parasitic nematodes from the family Anisakidae. These nematodes are parasites of warm-blooded, fish eating animals, i.e. mammals and birds, as sexually mature adults. The eggs and the successive stages of their larv ...
'' Railliet & Henry, 1912
* ''Euterranova
''Euterranova'' is a genus of parasitic nematodes that have life cycles involving elasmobranchs.
The genus was created in 2020 to accommodate species which were previously included in'' Terranova'' Leiper & Atkinson, 1914 Leiper RT, Atkinson EL ...
'' Moravec & Justine, 2020 Neoterranova
''Neoterranova'' is a genus of parasitic nematodes that have life cycles involving sharks and reptiles.
The genus was created in 2020 to accommodate species which were previously included in'' Terranova'' Leiper & Atkinson, 1914 Leiper RT, Atkin ...
'' Moravec & Justine, 2020 Pseudoterranova
''Pseudoterranova'' is a genus within the family Anisakidae of parasitic nematodes with an aquatic life cycle. The lifecycle of ''Pseudoterranova'' spp. involves marine mammals, pinnipeds (sea lions, seals and walruses), as definitive hosts, plan ...
'' Mozgovoi, 1951
* '' Terranova'' Leiper & Atkinson, 1914 [Leiper RT, Atkinson EL. 1914. Helminths of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–1913. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pp. 222–226]''Taxon inquirendum''
References
External links
*
Nematode families
Ascaridomorpha
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