''Angiopteris'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

of huge

evergreen In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional through more than one growing season. This also pertains to plants that retain their foliage only in warm climates, and contrasts with deciduous plants, which ...

fern A fern (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta ) is a member of a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. The polypodiophytes include all living pteridophytes except ...

s from the family

Marattiaceae Marattiaceae is the only family of extant (living) ferns in the order Marattiales. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), Marattiales is the only order in the subclass Marattiidae. The family has six genera and about ...

, found throughout the

paleotropics The Paleotropical Kingdom (Paleotropis) is a floristic kingdom comprising tropical areas of Africa, Asia and Oceania (excluding Australia and New Zealand), as proposed by Ronald Good and Armen Takhtajan. Part of its flora, inherited from the anc ...

from

Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...

to the

South Pacific islands Collectively called the Pacific Islands, the islands in the Pacific Ocean are further categorized into three major island groups: Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Depending on the context, the term ''Pacific Islands'' may refer to one of se ...

. Species of smaller stature with elongate

synangia A sporangium (; from Late Latin, ) is an enclosure in which spores are formed. It can be composed of a single cell or can be multicellular. Virtually all plants, fungi, and many other lineages form sporangia at some point in their life cyc ...

and creeping

rhizomes In botany and dendrology, a rhizome (; , ) is a modified subterranean plant stem that sends out roots and shoots from its nodes. Rhizomes are also called creeping rootstalks or just rootstalks. Rhizomes develop from axillary buds and grow hori ...

are sometimes segregated into the genus '' Archangiopteris'', and a once-pinnate monotypic segregate genus has been called ''

Macroglossum ''Macroglossum'' is a genus of moths in the family Sphingidae. The genus was erected by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in 1777. Species *''Macroglossum adustum'' Rothschild & Jordan, 1916 *'' Macroglossum aesalon'' Mabille, 1879 *'' Macroglossum af ...

'', but molecular data supports inclusion of these taxa within a broad concept of ''Angiopteris''. ''

Angiopteris evecta ''Angiopteris evecta'', commonly known as the king fern, giant fern, elephant fern, oriental vessel fern, Madagascar tree fern, or mule's Foot fern, is a very large rainforest fern in the family Marattiaceae native to most parts of Southeast Asia ...

'' has been introduced and naturalized in Hawaii, Jamaica, and parts of Central America, where it has become an invasive weed in lower elevation drainages. They feature a large, erect, woody rhizome with a wide base supported by thick roots. The fronds are deltoid, pinnate, long, with spreading leaflets.Ellison, Don (1999) Cultivated Plants of the World. London: New Holland (1st ed.: Brisbane: Flora Publications International, 1995) ''Angiopteris'' is unique among ferns in having explosively dispersed spores, thought to be caused by the cavitation of an airspace between spore layers. The basal

chromosome A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells the most important of these proteins ar ...

number for this genus is ''2n=80''. The type species is ''

''.

Species

''Angiopteris'' taxonomy is poorly understood, with nearly 200 poorly defined species having been named, only a small handful of which are recognized in modern floras. , World Ferns recognized the following species: *''

Angiopteris angustifolia ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are sometim ...

'' C.Presl *''

Angiopteris annamensis ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are sometim ...

'' C.Chr. & Tardieu *''

Angiopteris bipinnata ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the Oceania, South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are ...

'' (Ching) J.M.Camus *''

Angiopteris brooksii ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are sometim ...

'' Copel. *''

Angiopteris cadierei ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the Oceania, South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are ...

'' (C.Chr. & Tardieu) Govaerts & Christenh. *''

Angiopteris cartilagidens ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are someti ...

'' Christ *''

Angiopteris caudatiformis ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are sometimes ...

'' Hieron. *''

Angiopteris chingii ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are sometim ...

'' J.M.Camus *''

Angiopteris chongsengiana ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are sometim ...

'' Senterre & I.Fabre *''

Angiopteris cochinchinensis ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are sometim ...

'' de Vriese *''

Angiopteris confertinervia ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are sometim ...

'' Ching ex C.Chr. & Tardieu *''

Angiopteris crassipes ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are so ...

'' Wall. *''

Angiopteris danaeoides ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are sometim ...

'' Z.R.He & Christenh. *''

Angiopteris dianyuecola ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are sometim ...

'' Z.R.He & W.M.Chu *''

Angiopteris elliptica ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are sometim ...

'' Alderw. *''

'' (G.Forst.) Hoffm. *''

Angiopteris ferox ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are so ...

'' Copel. *''

Angiopteris fokiensis ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are sometim ...

'' Hieron. *''

Angiopteris helferiana ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are sometimes ...

'' C.Presl *''

Angiopteris hokouensis ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are so ...

'' Ching *''

Angiopteris holttumii ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are sometim ...

'' C.Chr. *''

Angiopteris itoi ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the Oceania, South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are ...

'' (W.C.Shieh) J.M.Camus *''

Angiopteris javanica ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the Oceania, South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are ...

'' C.Presl *''

Angiopteris latipinna ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are sometim ...

'' (Ching) Z.R.He, W.M.Chu & Christenh. *''

Angiopteris lygodiifolia ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are sometim ...

'' Rosenst. *''

Angiopteris madagascariensis ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are somet ...

'' de Vriese *''

Angiopteris marchionica ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the Oceania, South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are ...

'' E.D.Br. *''

Angiopteris microura ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are sometimes ...

'' Copel. *''

Angiopteris oblanceolata ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are sometim ...

'' Ching & Chu H.Wang *''

Angiopteris opaca ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are so ...

'' Copel. *''

Angiopteris paucinervis ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are sometimes ...

'' W.M.Chu & Z.R.He *''

Angiopteris pruinosa ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are sometim ...

'' Kunze *''

Angiopteris rapensis ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are someti ...

'' E.D.Br. *''

Angiopteris remota ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are sometimes ...

'' Ching & Chu H.Wang *''

Angiopteris smithii ''Angiopteris smithii'' is a species of fern in the family Marattiaceae, which is native to Borneo, the Philippines, and Sulawesi. Unlike other forms of ''Angiopteris'' species, it is once-pinnate with huge leaflets up to long and wide. Refer ...

'' Racib. *''

Angiopteris somae ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the Oceania, South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are ...

'' (Hayata) Makino & Nemoto *''

Angiopteris sparsisora ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are sometimes ...

'' Ching *''

Angiopteris subcuspidata ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are sometim ...

'' Rosenst. *''

Angiopteris subrotundata ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are sometim ...

'' (Ching) Z.R.He & Christenh. *''

Angiopteris sugongii ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are so ...

'' Gui L.Zhang, J.Y.Xiang & Ting Wang *''

Angiopteris tamdaoensis ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the Oceania, South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are ...

'' (Hayata) J.Y.Xiang & T.Wang *''

Angiopteris tonkinensis ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are sometim ...

'' (Hayata) J.M.Camus *''

Angiopteris undulatostriata ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are someti ...

'' Hieron. *''

Angiopteris versteegii ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are s ...

'' Alderw. *''

Angiopteris wangii ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are so ...

'' Ching *''

Angiopteris winkleri ''Angiopteris'' is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands. Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are s ...

'' Rosenst. *'' Angiopteris yunnanensis'' Hieron.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q4763285 Marattiidae Fern genera