Angelus Novus

''Angelus Novus'' (New Angel) is a 1920 monoprint by the Swiss-German artist Paul Klee, using the oil transfer method he invented. It is now in the collection of the Israel Museum in Jerusalem.

History

The artist's friend Walter Benjamin, a noted German critic and philosopher, purchased the print in 1921. When he had to flee Germany in 1933, he took it with him into exile. Before he tried to flee further when the Nazis invaded France, Benjamin entrusted Klee's drawing, together with other important papers, to Georges Bataille, who hid it at the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris where he worked. Benjamin himself was caught at the Spanish border and committed suicide in September 1940. After World War II, Bataille gave the print to Theodor Adorno in Frankfurt, who per Benjamin's last will sent it on to Gershom Scholem, a distinguished scholar of Jewish mysticism who had emigrated from Germany to Palestine in 1923. According to Scholem, Benjamin felt a mystical identification with the ''Angelus Novus'' and incorporated it in his theory of the “angel of history,” a melancholy view of historical process as an unceasing cycle of despair.

In the ninth thesis of his 1940 essay “ Theses on the Philosophy of History”, Benjamin describes ''Angelus Novus'' as an image of the angel of history:

A Klee painting named ''Angelus Novus'' shows an angel looking as though he is about to move away from something he is fixedly contemplating. His eyes are staring, his mouth is open, his wings are spread. This is how one pictures the angel of history. His face is turned toward the past. Where we perceive a chain of events, he sees one single catastrophe which keeps piling wreckage upon wreckage and hurls it in front of his feet. The angel would like to stay, awaken the dead, and make whole what has been smashed. But a storm is blowing from Paradise; it has got caught in his wings with such violence that the angel can no longer close them. The storm irresistibly propels him into the future to which his back is turned, while the pile of debris before him grows skyward. This storm is what we call progress.

In 2015, in conjunction with her solo exhibition at the Tel Aviv Museum of Art, American artist R. H. Quaytman discovered that Klee had pasted the monoprint over an 1838 copperplate engraving by Friedrich Müller after a portrait of Martin Luther by Lucas Cranach.

Legacy

The name and concept of Klee's "New Angel" has inspired works by other artists, filmmakers, writers and musicians, including John Akomfrah, Ariella Azoulay, Amichai Chasson, Carolyn Forché, Laurie Anderson, Rabih Alameddine, Daniel Boyd and Ruth Ozeki.

In 1997, German art historian Otto Karl Werckmeister included Klee's "New Angel" image among his selection of "icons of the left." He discussed Benjamin's use of the painting as an important contribution to its iconic status.Werckmeister, ''Icons of the Left: Benjamin and Einstein, Picasso and Kafka After the Fall.'' Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997: 9.

See also

* List of works by Paul Klee

References

External links

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Angelus Novus
1920 paintings
Paintings by Paul Klee
Walter Benjamin
Angels in art
20th-century prints
Monotype prints