Andronikos Kallistos (; 1400 – ) was a Greek scholar in the Renaissance and a teacher of literature in Bologna, Rome, Florence, Paris and London. He was one of the most able Greek scholars of the 15th century and cousin of the distinguished scholar

Theodorus Gaza Theodorus Gaza (, ''Theodoros Gazis''; ; ), also called Theodore Gazis or by the epithet Thessalonicensis and Thessalonikeus (c. 1398 – c. 1475), was a Greek humanist and translator of Aristotle, one of the Greek scholars who were the leader ...

. He was born in

Thessaloniki Thessaloniki (; ), also known as Thessalonica (), Saloniki, Salonika, or Salonica (), is the second-largest city in Greece (with slightly over one million inhabitants in its Thessaloniki metropolitan area, metropolitan area) and the capital cit ...

in 1400. He lived and studied in

Constantinople Constantinople (#Names of Constantinople, see other names) was a historical city located on the Bosporus that served as the capital of the Roman Empire, Roman, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine, Latin Empire, Latin, and Ottoman Empire, Ottoman empire ...

. After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, Kallistos went to Italy where he joined

Basilios Bessarion Bessarion (; 2 January 1403 – 18 November 1472) was a Byzantine Greeks, Byzantine Greek Renaissance humanist, theologian, Catholic Church, Catholic Cardinal (Catholic Church), cardinal and one of the famed Greek scholars who contributed ...

. He taught in

Bologna Bologna ( , , ; ; ) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in northern Italy. It is the List of cities in Italy, seventh most populous city in Italy, with about 400,000 inhabitants and 150 different nationalities. Its M ...

(1464),

Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...

(1469),

Florence Florence ( ; ) is the capital city of the Italy, Italian region of Tuscany. It is also the most populated city in Tuscany, with 362,353 inhabitants, and 989,460 in Metropolitan City of Florence, its metropolitan province as of 2025. Florence ...

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...

and

London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...

(1476). He began the systematic teaching of Greek literature in

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

. He communicated the principles of Aristotelian thought to many of his students, whose learning won them distinction in Europe. He possessed a large collection of Greek manuscripts. He traveled extensively in

northern Europe The northern region of Europe has several definitions. A restrictive definition may describe northern Europe as being roughly north of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, which is about 54th parallel north, 54°N, or may be based on other ge ...

and died about 1476 in

, England. Among his works is a defence of Theodore of Gaza's positions against the criticisms of Michael Apostolius (''Andronicus Callistus Defensio Theodori Gazae adversus Michaelem Apostolium'').William Smith, ''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', 1853, p.176

References

Bibliography

* G. Cammelli, 'Andronico Callisto', ''La Rinascita'', 5 (1942), 104-21, 174-214 * Jonathan Harris, ''Greek Émigrés in the West, 1400-1520'' (Camberley: Porphyrogenitus, 1995). * John Monfasani, ‘A philosophical text of Andronicus Callistus misattributed to Nicholas Secundinus’, ''Renaissance Studies in Honour of Craig Hugh Smyth'' (Florence, 1985), pp. 395-406, reprinted in John Monfasani, ''Byzantine Scholars in Renaissance Italy: Cardinal Bessarion and other Emigres'' (Aldershot, 1995), no. XIII * J. E. Powell, ‘Two letters of Andronicus Callistus to Demetrius Chalcondyles’, ''Byzantinisch-Neugriechische Jahrbücher'' 15 (1938), 14-20 {{DEFAULTSORT:Kallistos, Andronikos 1400 births 1486 deaths Greek educational theorists Greek Renaissance humanists Thessalonian Renaissance humanists 15th-century Greek writers 15th-century Greek educators