Andreninae
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The
bee Bees are winged insects closely related to wasps and ants, known for their roles in pollination and, in the case of the best-known bee species, the western honey bee, for producing honey. Bees are a monophyletic lineage within the superfamil ...
subfamily Andreninae is a nearly cosmopolitan lineage, with most of its diversity in one genus, ''
Andrena ''Andrena'' is a genus of bees in the family Andrenidae. With over 1,500 species, it is one of the largest genera of animals. It is a strongly Monophyly, monophyletic group that is difficult to split into more manageable divisions; currently, '' ...
'', which contains over 1500 species. The remaining four genera in the subfamily only contain a total of 9 species. Females of three of the genera (''
Ancylandrena ''Ancylandrena'' is a genus of mining bees in the family Andrenidae The Andrenidae (commonly known as mining bees) are a large, nearly cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan family of solitary, ground-nesting bees. Most of the family's diver ...
'', ''
Andrena ''Andrena'' is a genus of bees in the family Andrenidae. With over 1,500 species, it is one of the largest genera of animals. It is a strongly Monophyly, monophyletic group that is difficult to split into more manageable divisions; currently, '' ...
'', and ''
Megandrena ''Megandrena'' is a genus of mining bees in the family Andrenidae The Andrenidae (commonly known as mining bees) are a large, nearly cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan family of solitary, ground-nesting bees. Most of the family's diversi ...
'') have broad, velvety depressions called "facial foveae" on the face between the eyes and the antennae; in all other members of the family, the foveae are much smaller, typically reduced to grooves or pits at the upper margin of the eyes. ''Ancylandrena'' and ''Megandrena'' occur only in the desert regions of southwestern
North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South Ameri ...
(
Nevada Nevada ( ; ) is a landlocked state in the Western United States. It borders Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast, and Utah to the east. Nevada is the seventh-most extensive, th ...
,
California California () is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States that lies on the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and shares Mexico–United States border, an ...
,
Arizona Arizona is a U.S. state, state in the Southwestern United States, Southwestern region of the United States, sharing the Four Corners region of the western United States with Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. It also borders Nevada to the nort ...
,
Sonora Sonora (), officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Sonora (), is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, comprise the Administrative divisions of Mexico, Federal Entities of Mexico. The state is divided into Municipalities of Sonora, 72 ...
, and
Baja California Baja California, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Baja California, is a state in Mexico. It is the northwesternmost of the 32 federal entities of Mexico. Before becoming a state in 1952, the area was known as the North Territory of B ...
), while ''Andrena'' is nearly worldwide. ''
Euherbstia ''Euherbstia'' is a genus of mining bees in the family Andrenidae. The only species in this genus is ''Euherbstia excellens'', which is endemic to Chile. These bees have been observed to make nests in hard, compact soil, using cracks to enter t ...
'' and '' Orphana'' are rare bees restricted to desert regions of
Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes, Andes Mountains and the Paci ...
. Unlike the subfamily
Panurginae The bee subfamily Panurginae is a diverse lineage of 33 genera in 7 tribes. They are particularly diverse in the New World, though scarce in the tropics, and in the Old World they can be found primarily in the Palaearctic and Africa, but absent ...
, none of the species of Andreninae have yellow markings anywhere other than on the face; those markings, when present, are usually found only in males.


Genera

* ''
Ancylandrena ''Ancylandrena'' is a genus of mining bees in the family Andrenidae The Andrenidae (commonly known as mining bees) are a large, nearly cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan family of solitary, ground-nesting bees. Most of the family's diver ...
'' * ''
Andrena ''Andrena'' is a genus of bees in the family Andrenidae. With over 1,500 species, it is one of the largest genera of animals. It is a strongly Monophyly, monophyletic group that is difficult to split into more manageable divisions; currently, '' ...
'' * ''
Euherbstia ''Euherbstia'' is a genus of mining bees in the family Andrenidae. The only species in this genus is ''Euherbstia excellens'', which is endemic to Chile. These bees have been observed to make nests in hard, compact soil, using cracks to enter t ...
'' * ''
Megandrena ''Megandrena'' is a genus of mining bees in the family Andrenidae The Andrenidae (commonly known as mining bees) are a large, nearly cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan family of solitary, ground-nesting bees. Most of the family's diversi ...
'' * '' Orphana''


References

* C. D. Michener (2007) ''The Bees of the World'', 2nd Edition, Johns Hopkins University Press. Hymenoptera subfamilies {{Andreninae-stub