Andrein (; ) is a commune in the

Pyrénées-Atlantiques Pyrénées-Atlantiques (; Gascon language, Gascon Occitan language, Occitan: ''Pirenèus Atlantics''; ) is a Departments of France, department located in the Regions of France, region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the southwest corner of metropolitan ...

department in the

Nouvelle-Aquitaine Nouvelle-Aquitaine () is the largest Regions of France, administrative region in France by area, spanning the west and southwest of Metropolitan France. The region was created in 2014 by the merging of Aquitaine, Limousin, and Poitou-Charentes ...

region of south-western

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

Geography

Location

Andrein is a béarnaise commune located on the left bank of the

Gave d'Oloron The Gave d'Oloron () is a river of south-western France near the border with Spain. It takes its name from the city Oloron-Sainte-Marie, where it is formed from the rivers Gave d'Aspe and Gave d'Ossau. It joins the Gave de Pau in Peyrehorade ...

5 kilometres east of

Sauveterre-de-Béarn Sauveterre-de-Béarn (, literally ''Sauveterre of Béarn''; ; ) is a medieval village perched above the Gave d'Oloron and facing the Pyrenees in south-western France. It is a Communes of France, commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques Departments ...

and some 16 km south-west of

Orthez Orthez (; ; , ) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, and region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, southwestern France. It lies 40 km NW of Pau on the Southern railway to Bayonne. The town also encompasses the small village of Sai ...

. Access to the commune is by road D27 from Sauveterre-de-Bearn passing through the commune and the village and continuing east to

Laàs Laàs (; ) is a Communes of France, commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques Departments of France, department in south-western France. Neighbouring villages include Orriule to the north, Andrein to the north-west, Narp to the east, Barraute-Camu to ...

. The D23 road from Burgaronne to

L'Hôpital-d'Orion L'Hôpital-d'Orion (, literally ''L'Hôpital of Orion''; ) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France. See also *Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department The following is a list of the 545 Commun ...

also passes through the north of the commune. The commune is mixed forest and farmland.Google Maps
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Hydrography

Located in the

Drainage basin A drainage basin is an area of land in which all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, ...

of the

Adour The Adour (; ; ) is a river in southwestern France. It rises in High- Bigorre ( Pyrenees), in the commune of Aspin-Aure, and flows into the Atlantic Ocean ( Bay of Biscay) near Bayonne. It is long, of which the uppermost ca. is known as the ' ...

, the southern border of the commune is formed by the

. Numerous streams flow south through the commune to the Gave d'Oloron including the Malourau and the Lourou which forms the eastern border. The northern border is formed by the Arrec Heurre which flows west to eventually join the Gave d'Oleron east of

Abitain Abitain (; ) is a Communes of France, commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques Departments of France, department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine Regions of France, region in southwestern France. Geography Location Abitain is bordered on the eastern side ...

Localities and hamlets

* Araspy * Arrouzère * Bachoué Château * Baillenx * Balespet * La Baronnie * Bétouzet * Bonnemaison * Bordenave (2 places) * Braile * Les Camous * Casamayou * Castagnède * Casteret * Charrie * Cousté * Esploubet * Hieyte * Hourcade * Hourquet * Laborde * Lagouarde * Lauga * Lée * Louhau * Lourou * Loustau * Maysonnave * Monplaisir * Moulinau * Pellou * Pouyau * Quartier de Pouyau * La Salle * Sarrail * Suberborde * Temboury * Téoulé * Tinguerot * Touroun. Géoportail

IGN ''IGN'' is an American video gaming and entertainment media website operated by IGN Entertainment Inc., a subsidiary of Ziff Davis, Inc. The company's headquarters is located in San Francisco's SoMa district and is headed by its former e ...

Neighbouring communes and villages

Toponymy

The commune name in

Béarnese dialect Béarnese (Endonym and exonym, endonym or ; ) is the variety of Gascon dialect, Gascon spoken in Béarn. The usage of a specific name for Béarnese lies in the history of Béarn, Viscounty of Béarn, a viscounty that became a sovereign principa ...

and in Gascon

Occitan Occitan may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to the Occitania territory in parts of France, Italy, Monaco and Spain. * Something of, from, or related to the Occitania administrative region of France. * Occitan language, spoken in parts o ...

is ''Andrenh''.

Brigitte Jobbé-Duval Brigitte Jobbé-Duval is a French historian and linguist Linguistics is the scientific study of language. The areas of linguistic analysis are syntax (rules governing the structure of sentences), semantics (meaning), Morphology (linguistics) ...

, ''Dictionary of placenames - Pyrénées-Atlantiques'', 2009, Archives and Culture, indicated that the name actually came from the family name ''Andréas'' with the suffix ''-enh''. She also mentioned that the villagers were once called "cherry eaters". The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune. Sources: *

Raymond Raymond is a male given name of Germanic origin. It was borrowed into English from French (older French spellings were Reimund and Raimund, whereas the modern English and French spellings are identical). It originated as the Germanic ᚱᚨᚷ� ...

:''
''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. ''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011 Origins: *Census: Census of BéarnManuscript from the 14th century - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques *Reformation: Reformation of BéarnManuscript from the 16th to 18th centuries - Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques *Insinuations: Insinuations of the

Diocese of Oloron The former Roman Catholic Diocese of Oloron was a Latin rite bishopric in Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, Aquitaine region of south-west France, from the 6th to the 19th century. History The diocese of Oleron already existed in the 6th ce ...

Manuscripts from the 17th century in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques *Navarrenx: Notaries of

Navarrenx Navarrenx (; ; , ) is a town and commune in the French department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques and the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. The demonym is Navarre. Since 2014, the town has been in the association Les Plus Beaux Villages de France. It is ...

Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques *Denombrement: Denombremont of AndreinManuscripts from the 17th and 18th centuries in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques

History

Paul Raymond on page 6 of his 1863 dictionary noted that the commune had a

Lay Abbey A Lay Abbey (Fr: Abbaye laïque) was a basic component of the Middle Ages in the western foothills of the northern Pyrenees. The adjective lay indicated that the property did not belong to a religious order. It is possible to identify a hundred la ...

, a vassal of the Viscounts of Béarn. In 1385 Andrein reported 17

fires Fire is the rapid oxidation of a fuel in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products. Flames, the most visible portion of the fire, are produced in the combustion reaction when the fuel ...

and depended on the

bailiwick A bailiwick () is usually the area of jurisdiction of a bailiff, and once also applied to territories in which a privately appointed bailiff exercised the sheriff's functions under a royal or imperial writ. In English, the original French combi ...

of Sauveterre.

Administration

List of Successive Mayors

Inter-communality

The commune is part of five intercommunal structures: *the inter-communal centre for Social Action of Sauveterre-de-Béarn; *the Communauté de communes du Béarn des Gaves; *the inter-communal association for the Gaves and of Saleys; *the AEP association for the Saleys region; *the energy association for Pyrénées-Atlantiques

Demography

The inhabitants of the commune are known as ''Andreinais'' or ''Andreinaises'' in French.Pyrénées-Atlantiques
habitants.fr

Economy

Economic activity is mainly agricultural. The town is part of the

Appellation d'origine contrôlée In France, the ''appellation d'origine contrôlée'' (, ; abbr. AOC ) is a label that identifies an agricultural product whose stages of production and processing are carried out in a defined geographical area – the ''terroir'' – and using ...

(AOC) zone of

Ossau-iraty Ossau-Iraty () is a Basque cheese made from sheep's milk. Origin Ossau-Iraty or Esquirrou is produced in south-western France, in the Northern Basque Country and in Béarn. Its name reflects its geographical location, the Ossau Valley in Béarn ...

Culture and Heritage

Environmental heritage

The Touron de Larochelle is 195 metres high.

Notable people linked to the commune

Emmanuel Berl Emmanuel Berl (2 August 1892 – 21 September 1976) was a French journalist, historian and essayist. He was born at Le Vésinet in the modern ''département'' of Yvelines, and is buried in the Montparnasse Cemetery, Paris. In 1937 he married the si ...

, born 2 August 1892 in Vésinet (

Seine-et-Oise Seine-et-Oise () is a former department of France, which encompassed the western, northern and southern parts of the metropolitan area of Paris. Its prefecture was Versailles and its administrative number was 78. Seine-et-Oise was disbanded in ...

) and died 21 September 1976 in Paris, was a journalist, historian and French essayist. In 1920 he married Jacqueline Bordes in Andrein. *Arthur Hugenschmidt (1862–1929) stayed in Andein in 1928 and 1929 with the Countess of Viforano (daughter of Dr. Joseph Marie Alfred Beni-Barde) according to correspondence from the Presidency of the Republic.

References

External links

Andrein on Géoportail
National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
''Andrein'' on the 1750 Cassini Map
{{authority control Communes of Pyrénées-Atlantiques