Andeer () is a

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality' ...

in the

Viamala Region Viamala Region is one of the eleven regions of the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, Franc ...

in the

Swiss canton The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the Federated state, member states of the Switzerland, Swiss Confederation. The nucleus of the Swiss Confederacy in the form of the first three confederate allies used to be referred to as the . Two important ...

of Graubünden. In 2009,

Clugin Clugin ''( Romansh: Clugen)'' is a village in the municipality of Andeer in the district of Hinterrhein in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. In 2009 Clugin merged with Andeer and Pignia to form the municipality of Andeer.

and

Pignia Pignia is former a municipality in the district of Hinterrhein in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. On 1 January 2009, it was annexed by Andeer Andeer () is a municipalities of Switzerland, municipality in the Viamala Region in the Cantons ...

merged into Andeer.Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz
published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 23 September 2009

History

Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of Roman civilization *Epistle to the Romans, shortened to Romans, a letter w ...

coins discovered near Andeer indicate that there was a Roman presence in the area during the time of the Roman province of

Raetia Raetia or Rhaetia ( , ) was a province of the Roman Empire named after the Rhaetian people. It bordered on the west with the country of the Helvetii, on the east with Noricum, on the north with Vindelicia, on the south-west with Transalpine ...

(from 15 BC). The name of the settlement was presumably Lapidaria, and it would have already been an important stop on the road from Italy. Andeer is first mentioned in 1208 as ''Anders''. Around 1820, roads were built over the

Splügen Pass The Splügen Pass (; ; ) is an Alpine mountain pass of the Lepontine Alps. It connects the Swiss, Grisonian Splügen to the north below the pass with the Italian Chiavenna to the south at the end of the Valle San Giacomo below the pass ...

and the

San Bernardino Pass San Bernardino Pass (, , ) is a high mountain pass in the Swiss Alps connecting the Hinterrhein and the Mesolcina (Misox) valleys between Thusis ( canton of Graubünden) and Bellinzona ( canton of Ticino). Located in the far eastern side ...

. When the railroad tunnels through the

Alps The Alps () are some of the highest and most extensive mountain ranges in Europe, stretching approximately across eight Alpine countries (from west to east): Monaco, France, Switzerland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Germany, Austria and Slovenia. ...

were completed near the end of the 19th century, they greatly reduced traffic through the region. Since the opening of the San Bernardino road tunnel ( A 13) in 1967, Andeer has once again been on a major thoroughfare.

Geography

Andeer has an area, , of . Of this area, 28.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while 48.5% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 3% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (19.6%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains). Before 2017, the municipality was located in the Schams sub-district, of the Hinterrhein district, after 2017 it was part of the Viamala Region. It consists of the

linear village In mathematics, the term ''linear'' is used in two distinct senses for two different properties: * linearity of a '' function'' (or '' mapping''); * linearity of a ''polynomial''. An example of a linear function is the function defined by f(x)= ...

of Andeer and the ruins of Bärenburg castle. Andeer lies in the Schams valley (in Romansch: ''Val Schons'') on the Hinterrhein.

Demographics

Andeer has a population (as of ) of . , 10.6% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 3.9%. , the gender distribution of the population was 47.8% male and 52.2% female.Graubunden in Numbers
accessed 21 September 2009 The age distribution, , in Andeer is; 87 people or 13.0% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old. 42 people or 6.3% are 10 to 14, and 28 people or 4.2% are 15 to 19. Of the adult population, 62 people or 9.3% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 103 people or 15.4% are 30 to 39, 85 people or 12.7% are 40 to 49, and 74 people or 11.1% are 50 to 59. The senior population distribution is 78 people or 11.7% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 74 people or 11.1% are 70 to 79, there are 33 people or 4.9% who are 80 to 89, and there are 3 people or 0.4% who are 90 to 99.Graubunden Population Statistics
accessed 21 September 2009 In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 44% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SPS (26.7%), the FDP (22.1%) and the CVP (6.9%). In Andeer about 73.9% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory

upper secondary education Secondary education is the education level following primary education and preceding tertiary education. Level 2 or ''lower secondary education'' (less commonly ''junior secondary education'') is considered the second and final phase of basic e ...

or additional higher education (either university or a ). Andeer has an unemployment rate of 1.03%. , there were 19 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 7 businesses involved in this sector. 89 people are employed in the

secondary sector In macroeconomics, the secondary sector of the economy is an economic sector in the three-sector theory that describes the role of manufacturing. It encompasses industries that produce a finished, usable product or are involved in constructi ...

and there are 13 businesses in this sector. 269 people are employed in the

tertiary sector The tertiary sector of the economy, generally known as the service sector, is the third of the three economic sectors in the three-sector model (also known as the economic cycle). The others are the primary sector (raw materials) and the ...

, with 41 businesses in this sector. The historical population is given in the following table:

Weather

Andeer has an average of 102.1 days of rain per year and on average receives of

precipitation In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls from clouds due to gravitational pull. The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, rain and snow mixed ("sleet" in Commonwe ...

. The wettest month is August during which time Andeer receives an average of of precipitation. During that month, there is precipitation for an average of 11.4 days. The driest month of the year is February with an average of of precipitation over 11.4 days., the weather station elevation is 987 meters above sea level.

Language

Earlier, Andeer was largely Romansh-speaking, but now the majority of the population speaks German, and this is the only language for conducting official business. Most of the population () speaks German (81.0%), with Romansh being second most common (9.1%) and Serbo-Croatian being third (2.5%).Swiss Federal Statistical Office
accessed 06-Oct-2009

Heritage sites of national significance

The ''Chasa Padrun'' is listed as a Swiss heritage sites of national significance.Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance
21.11.2008 version, accessed 06-Oct-2009

References

External links

Official Web site
* {{Authority control Municipalities of Graubünden Cultural property of national significance in Graubünden