Andarig or Andariq was a

Middle Bronze Age The Bronze Age () was a historical period characterised principally by the use of bronze tools and the development of complex urban societies, as well as the adoption of writing in some areas. The Bronze Age is the middle principal period of ...

kingdom in the Sinjar Plain region of

northern Mesopotamia Upper Mesopotamia constitutes the uplands and great outwash plain of northwestern Iraq, northeastern Syria and southeastern Turkey, in the northern Middle East. Since the early Muslim conquests of the mid-7th century, the region has been known by ...

, located between the Habur and

Tigris The Tigris ( ; see #Etymology, below) is the eastern of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates. The river flows south from the mountains of the Armenian Highlands through the Syrian Desert, Syrian and Arabia ...

river. It is mentioned several times in the documents found in Mari. Andarig was one of the largest and most powerful kingdoms in the region. It was the most important holding of the

Amorite The Amorites () were an ancient Northwest Semitic-speaking Bronze Age people from the Levant. Initially appearing in Sumerian records c. 2500 BC, they expanded and ruled most of the Levant, Mesopotamia and parts of Egypt from the 21st century BC ...

Yamutbal tribe.

Qarni-Lim

Qarni-Lim was the first known King of Andarig, who ruled from 1770–1766 B.C.E. He conquered Apum, and put his son Zuzu in charge of it, although Zuzu died shortly after falling off the city wall. After that, Qarni-Lim lost Apum to

Elam Elam () was an ancient civilization centered in the far west and southwest of Iran, stretching from the lowlands of what is now Khuzestan and Ilam Province as well as a small part of modern-day southern Iraq. The modern name ''Elam'' stems fr ...

. Qarni-Lim was initially an ally of

Eshnunna Eshnunna (also Esnunak) (modern Tell Asmar in Diyala Governorate, Iraq) was an ancient Sumerian (and later Akkadian) city and city-state in central Mesopotamia 12.6 miles northwest of Tell Agrab and 15 miles northwest of Tell Ishchali. Althou ...

but later sided with the Mariote King,

Zimri-Lim __NOTOC__ Zimri-Lim was in the Middle Bronze Age the king of Mari, Syria, Mari (c. 1767–1752 BCE; low chronology). Background Family Zimri-Lim (Akkadian language, Akkadian: ''Zi-im-ri Li-im'') was the son or grandson of king Yahdun-Lim of Ma ...

. Who he later got into a feud with, resulting in a siege of the city. Andarig later voluntary become a vassal of the Elamite

Shamshi-Adad Shamshi-Adad may refer to: * Shamshi-Adad I, (fl. late 18th century BC (short chronology) was an ancient Near East king. * Shamshi-Adad II, an Old Assyrian king who ruled in the mid-second millennium, ca. 1585-1580 BC (short chronology). * Shamsh ...

, which led to a revolution in the city resulting in the assassination of Qarni-Lim, who was beheaded in 1766.

Atamrum

Following the death of Qarni-Lim, troops from Eshnunna occupied Andarig and gave the throne to the populist leader Atamrum the son of Warad-Sim, king of Allahad. Andarig became independent under its new King who aligned himself with the Elamite King who had just launched a major offensive in Mesopotamia in 1765. Following this, Atamrum once again allied himself with Zimri-Lim who helped him take the city of

Razama Tell al-Rimah (also Tell ar-Rimah) is an archaeological settlement mound, in Nineveh Province, Iraq, roughly west of Mosul and ancient Nineveh in the Sinjar region. It lies 15 kilometers south of the site of Tal Afar. It has been proposed that ...

. Although any alliance with Mari ended when the kingdom was conquered by

Hammurabi Hammurabi (; ; ), also spelled Hammurapi, was the sixth Amorite king of the Old Babylonian Empire, reigning from to BC. He was preceded by his father, Sin-Muballit, who abdicated due to failing health. During his reign, he conquered the ci ...

Himdiya

After Atamrum died, his son Himdiya (Himdija) succeeded him. He established an alliance with Hazi-Teshub, the King of Razama in opposition to a bloc formed by Mutiya and Shtamar-Adad the kings of Apum and

Kurda Kurda was a small ancient city-state and a Middle Bronze petty kingdom located in the region of the Sinjar Plain in Northern Mesopotamia which eventually became subsumed into Assyria. It is mentioned along with the Amorite states of Andarig and ...

respectively. Himdiya conquered Apum and ruled it for two years, however he was later defeated by Kurda, who incorporated Andrig into their kingdom. Andarig finally came to an end when it was conquered by Hammurabi and ruled by his vassal Aqba-Hammu.

Buriya/Burija

He is attested as sender of 10 letters to his "brother" Till-Abnu, ruler of Apum and appears as a king of Andarig.Veenhof, Veenhof, Eidem () Mesopotamia: The Old Assyrian Period, p. 294 The chronology is not given. Till-Abnu received letters from several rulers including Astamar-Adad of Kurda and Mutija. Astamar-Adad was allied with Mutija and Sepallu against Andarig and Razama. Burija was allied with Hazip-Tessup of Razama (

Tell al-Hawa Tell al-Hawa is an ancient Near East archaeological site on the North Jazira Plain of northern Iraq, near the border with modern-day Syria and just west of the Tigris river. It lies 40 kilometers southwest of the site of Tell Hamoukar and about ...

?).

References

{{Ancient states and regions of the Levant Ancient Near East Former kingdoms Bronze Age countries in Asia Upper Mesopotamia Amorite cities Amorites Nineveh Plains