Anatoly Anatoliiovych Shariy (born 20 August 1978) is a Ukrainian blogger and journalist, described as pro-Russian by Ukrainian and foreign media, former president

Petro Poroshenko Petro Oleksiiovych Poroshenko (born 26 September 1965) is a Ukraine, Ukrainian politician and Oligarchy, oligarch who served as the fifth president of Ukraine from 2014 to 2019. He served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs (Ukraine), Minister ...

, and the

Security Service of Ukraine The Security Service of Ukraine ( ; abbreviated as SBU [] or SSU) is the main Internal security, internal security agency of the Government of Ukraine, Ukrainian government. Its main duties include counter-intelligence activity and combati ...

, among others. However, Shariy denies having a pro-Russian stance. In 2012, he received

asylum in the European Union The migration and asylum policy of the European Union is within the area of freedom, security and justice, established to develop and harmonise principles and measures used by member countries of the European Union to regulate migration processes ...

, asserting persecution by Ukrainian law enforcement bodies related to his journalism. As of June 2023, he lived in

Roda de Berà Roda de Berà () is a municipality in the ''comarca'' of the Tarragonès in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated on the coast in the east of the ''comarca''. The Roman '' Via Augusta'' ran through the municipality, and the triumphal Berà Arch surv ...

, Spain, where he owns a villa whose value was estimated at around €1 million by Ukrainian investigative outlet Slidstvo.Info. In June 2019, he launched the

Party of Shariy The Party of Shariy (; , PSh) is a banned political party in Ukraine founded by political blogger Anatoly Shariy. Its official proclaimed ideology is libertarianism.euroskeptic, pro-Russian party, which took part in the

2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election Parliamentary elections were held in Ukraine on 21 July 2019. Originally scheduled to be held at the end of October, the elections were brought forward after newly inaugurated President of Ukraine, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy dissolved parli ...

, winning 2.23% of the vote. During the 2020 local elections, the party candidates entered to city and oblast councils, including councils of cities with millions of residents. Following the start of the

Russian invasion of Ukraine On 24 February 2022, , starting the largest and deadliest war in Europe since World War II, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, conflict between the two countries which began in 2014. The fighting has caused hundreds of thou ...

in 2022, the party was banned because of alleged ties with

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

.The Supreme Court finally banned the Sharia Party

Ukrayinska Pravda ''Ukrainska Pravda'' is a Ukrainian socio-political online media outlet founded by Heorhii Gongadze in April 2000. After Gongadze’s death in September 2000, the editorial team was led by co-founder Olena Prytula, who remained the editor-in ...

(6 September 2022)The party is also described as a Ukrainian opposition force critical of both the government and the media. Shariy was a strong critic of

Euromaidan Euromaidan ( ; , , ), or the Maidan Uprising, was a wave of Political demonstration, demonstrations and civil unrest in Ukraine, which began on 21 November 2013 with large protests in Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Independence Square) in Kyiv. The p ...

and subsequent governments formed after it. He considered the

war in Donbas The war in Donbas, or the Donbas war, was a phase of the Russo-Ukrainian War in the eastern Donbas region of Ukraine. The war Timeline of the war in Donbas (2014), began in April 2014, when Russian separatist forces in Ukraine, Russian para ...

before 2022 to be an internal conflict and a

civil war A civil war is a war between organized groups within the same Sovereign state, state (or country). The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies.J ...

. In February 2021, Shariy was accused of

treason Treason is the crime of attacking a state (polity), state authority to which one owes allegiance. This typically includes acts such as participating in a war against one's native country, attempting to Coup d'état, overthrow its government, spy ...

and incitement to ethnic or racial hatred by the

(SBU). In May 2022, he was detained by Spanish authorities at the request of the SBU. On the same day, Shariy was released with precautionary measures as reported by his lawyer. In October, a Spanish judge agreed to close the consideration of his extradition.

Biography

Activity as a journalist

Anatoliy Shariy was born in

Kyiv Kyiv, also Kiev, is the capital and most populous List of cities in Ukraine, city of Ukraine. Located in the north-central part of the country, it straddles both sides of the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2022, its population was 2, ...

and lived there until 2012. Shariy began to engage in

journalism Journalism is the production and distribution of reports on the interaction of events, facts, ideas, and people that are the "news of the day" and that informs society to at least some degree of accuracy. The word, a noun, applies to the journ ...

in early 2005. In 2013 Shariy became engaged to journalist Olga Bondarenko (now , and they married in 2017. The couple now have a child. Olga Shariy, together with Anatoly, co-manages the Sharij.net website. Shariy began to engage in

in early 2005. In particular, he was a journalist of the online edition ''

Obozrevatel ''Obozrevatel'' (OBOZ.UA; ) is a Ukrainian Internet publication of socio-political orientation, created in 2001. It belongs to Ukrainian politician and entrepreneur Mykhailo Brodskyy. In the publication, he holds the position of the chairman of t ...

''. In 2011, Shariy shot at a man from a

traumatic pistol A traumatic pistol or traumatic handgun is a non-lethal weapon in the form of a pistol that fires non-lethal projectiles, typically rubber bullets. Some gas pistols have an option of loading rubber bullets. Legality *Kazakhstan: in 2008 traumatic ...

at a

McDonald's McDonald's Corporation, doing business as McDonald's, is an American Multinational corporation, multinational fast food chain store, chain. As of 2024, it is the second largest by number of locations in the world, behind only the Chinese ch ...

restaurant after the man, according to Shariy, insulted his wife. Shariy reported the incident to police. Shariy later claimed that the case was later trumped-up due to his investigation of illegal drug trade, which he alleged was covered up by high rank members of Ukrainian law enforcement. In 2019, a Kyiv court dismissed the case and revoked the request for the search and extradition to Ukraine of the journalist. The same year, journalists of the 1+1 TV channel and Shariy carried out a series of investigations of the alleged protection of the illegal controlled substance trade in Kyiv pharmacies by the Office for Combating Illegal Drug Trafficking (Ukrainian abbreviation: UBNON). On 7 June 2011, Shariy published the first part of the article "Does UBNON Spit in the Face of the Minister?". On 11 June, Shariy was summoned for interrogation in the McDonald's shooting case, which had allegedly been closed already. On 20 June, Shariy gave a press conference about the situation and claimed that the Ministry of Internal Affairs and UBNON ordered the pressure on him. The next day, on 21 June, the criminal case for

hooliganism Hooliganism is disruptive or unlawful behavior such as rioting, bullying and vandalism, often in connection with crowds at sporting events. A hooligan is a person that engages in illicit reckless behaviors and is a public nuisance. Etymology ...

was initiated against Shariy related to McDonald's shooting. The following month, Shariy and journalists of the "1+1" TV channel issued several publications alleging the involvement of the

Ministry of Internal Affairs An interior ministry or ministry of the interior (also called ministry of home affairs or ministry of internal affairs) is a government department that is responsible for domestic policy, public security and law enforcement. In some states, the i ...

in covering up illegal casinos in Kyiv. On 12 July 2011, Shariy and the film crew of the "1+1" channel were locked on the casino premises. Shortly thereafter criminal investigators arrived and seized 34 slot machines and video recordings of the hall, resulting in a criminal case on gambling business. A few hours after the incident in the casino, a shot was fired at Shariy's car, but he was not injured. In August 2011, a criminal case on an attempted assassination was opened. The car shooting incident was cited as an example of attacks on journalists in the

Human Rights Watch Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Headquartered in New York City, the group investigates and reports on issues including War crime, war crimes, crim ...

report for year 2011. After the attempted murder Shariy continued his journalistic activities. On 21 September 2011, after another publication exposing corruption in the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the case on the assassination attempt on Shariy was closed, and a criminal case was initiated against the journalist himself for "staging an assassination attempt".

Asylum in the European Union and start of the Russo-Ukrainian war

After being placed on the all-Ukrainian wanted list, Shariy left the country and asked for political asylum in the European Union claiming persecution by the Ukrainian law enforcement for his journalist activities, basing on the 2011 incidents. In 2012 he was granted

. He received a

permanent residency Permanent residency is a person's legal resident status in a country or territory of which such person is not a citizen but where they have the right to reside on a permanent basis. This is usually for a permanent period; a person with such l ...

permit in Lithuania for five years. After moving to Netherlands, Shariy currently lives in

Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...

. From 2014 onwards, while living in European Union, Shariy focused on producing video blogs for his

YouTube YouTube is an American social media and online video sharing platform owned by Google. YouTube was founded on February 14, 2005, by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim who were three former employees of PayPal. Headquartered in ...

channel, which, among other things carried out debunking misinformation and propaganda in Ukrainian media. He frequently criticized Ukrainian publications related to the events in Ukraine after

, as well as the Ukrainian government, usually in a derisive and insulting way. In November 2015, Shariy filed a defamation lawsuit against his paternal sister, Elena Manchenko, demanding that she refute the online claim that he is a "pedophile and a thief." On 19 January 2016, the court dismissed the claim, stating that according to the Ukrainian legal practise, she is not responsible for public dissemination of her statements by third parties. On 20 March 2019, Anatoly Shariy won the case in the court of the Netherlands against Manchenko. The court found Manchenko guilty and demanded to pay Shariy 75,000 euros in compensation and to publicly refute her accusations against the journalist. In February 2017 Shariy sued the Internet publication "" and its journalist

Bohdan Lohvynenko Bohdan Lohvynenko (; born 23 October 1988) is a Ukrainian writer, journalist, TV presenter, literary critic, editor, public figure. Bohdan Lohvynenko was born on October 22, 1988, in Kyiv. He studied Chemistry in Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, and at t ...

to defend his "honor, dignity and business reputation". This was caused by an article in which Shariy was called "the bullhorn of the

Russian world The "Russian world" () is a concept and a political doctrine usually defined as the sphere of military, political and cultural influence of Russia. It is a vague term, mostly used to refer to communities with a historical, cultural, or spirit ...

" and "a scandalous Ukrainian pseudo refugee". On 21 June 2017, the Shevchenkivskiy district court of Kyiv dismissed Shariy's complaint. Shariy appealed this decision, and on 7 September 2017 the Kyiv court of appeal dismissed his complaint again. Also in 2017, Russian lawyer

Mark Feygin Mark Zakharovich Feygin (; born 3 June 1971) is a Russian human rights activist and former lawyer who represented Pussy Riot, Nadiya Savchenko and Leonid Razvozzhayev in Russian courts. He also served from January 1994 to December 1995 as a dep ...

said that Anatoly Shariy was under investigation in a pedophilia case. Shariy sued him for defamation and won the lawsuit in a Russian court, with Feygin being ordered to refute this allegation, and to pay 66,000 rubles to Shariy to cover his legal fees.

Espreso TV Espreso TV () is an Internet television station in Ukraine that started to operate in November 2013. Espreso TV enabled the Euromaidan protests to be broadcast worldwide. Ownership The channel is owned by the media company Goldberry LLC.

journalist Vitaliy Portnikov characterized Shariy as a "Kremlin project" and "one used by its Russian owners" and Anatoli Shariy filed a lawsuit to refute these words. On 5 April 2018, the Solomyanskiy district court in Kyiv dismissed Shariy's complaint. On 14 November 2018, the Kyiv court of appeal dismissed Shariy's complaint again. On 17 April 2019, the

Supreme Court of Ukraine The Supreme Court of Ukraine () is the highest judicial body in the system of courts of general jurisdiction in Ukraine. On 10 January 2019, when asked "why are Ukrainian journalists persecuted, in particular blogger Anatoly Shariy", Ukrainian president

answered that "Anatoly Shariy is not a Ukrainian journalist, because he works for Russia". Shariy sued Poroshenko to defend his "honor, dignity and business reputation". On 13 May 2020, the Pechersk district court in Kyiv ordered Poroshenko to publicly refute his comments and pay 1,536 hryvnias to Shariy as compensation for his legal fees. However, on 28 October 2020, the Kyiv appellate court rescinded the Pechersk district court's decision. In February 2021, the

(SBU) accused Shariy of committing crimes under Part 1. Article 111 "

High treason Treason is the crime of attacking a state authority to which one owes allegiance. This typically includes acts such as participating in a war against one's native country, attempting to overthrow its government, spying on its military, its d ...

" and Part 1. Art. 161 "Violation of the equality of citizens depending on their race, nationality, religious beliefs, disability and other grounds" and published a video with alleged evidence against Shariy, including his statement about the inhabitants of Western Ukraine. In 2014, Shariy had posted a private video with insulting statements about Western Ukrainians. In the video, he described them as "not Ukrainians", but "half-breeds, one-third-breeds, quarter-breeds". In May 2021, it was reported that Lithuania revoked its political asylum for Shariy, and some media published reports that Shariy was a

persona non grata In diplomacy, a ' (PNG) is a foreign diplomat that is asked by the host country to be recalled to their home country. If the person is not recalled as requested, the host state may refuse to recognize the person concerned as a member of the diplo ...

. Shariy himself refuted this and claimed this was false information based on the words of Mark Feygin.

During the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine

On 22 March 2022, during the

, the

National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine The National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, ( NSDCU; , ''RNBOU'') or RNBO, is the coordinating state body of the executive power under the President of Ukraine on issues of national security and defense. It is a state agency tasked wi ...

suspended the Party of Shariy because of its alleged ties with Russia. On 16 June 2022, the Eighth Administrative Court of Appeal banned the party. The decision was open to appeal at the

Supreme Court of Ukraine The Supreme Court of Ukraine () is the highest judicial body in the system of courts of general jurisdiction in Ukraine.Court bans Sharia Party

(16 June 2022) On 6 September 2022, the Supreme Court rejected this appeal and thus finally banned the Party of Shariy. On 4 May 2022, Spanish authorities detained Shariy at the request of the SBU, accusing him of treason. On the same day, Shariy was released with precautionary measures according to his lawyer, Gonzalo Boye. On 4 October 2022, a judge of the National High Court, Santiago Pedraz, concluded that Shariy was no longer living in Spain. Pedraz details this in a ruling where of an appeal filed by the defense against consideration of the reporter's extradition to Ukraine because he allegedly left

Catalonia Catalonia is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a ''nationalities and regions of Spain, nationality'' by its Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 2006, Statute of Autonomy. Most of its territory (except the Val d'Aran) is situate ...

for

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

. That was the version of the escape, which the Ukrainian special services sent to the investigator, but which was always refuted by his lawyer Gonzalo Boye. According to the ruling by Pedraz, the documentation provided by the defense shows that Shariy is "in Spain", but, in addition to accepting these defense arguments, Pedraz made another decision in favor of Shariy. On 5 October 2022, Pedraz agreed to close consideration of the extradition because Ukraine had not presented the demand for Shariy's surrender, nor the "relevant documentation". In March 2024, Shariy alleged that he was the target of an assassination attempt by the SBU, although the Spanish Civil Guard told

TASS The Russian News Agency TASS, or simply TASS, is a Russian state-owned news agency founded in 1904. It is the largest Russian news agency and one of the largest news agencies worldwide. TASS is registered as a Federal State Unitary Enterpri ...

that they did not have information on the incident.

Political views and activism

Shariy's position on the Russo-Ukrainian war

Shariy referred to the

War in Donbas The war in Donbas, or the Donbas war, was a phase of the Russo-Ukrainian War in the eastern Donbas region of Ukraine. The war Timeline of the war in Donbas (2014), began in April 2014, when Russian separatist forces in Ukraine, Russian para ...

up until 2022, as an "internal conflict" and "

", denying the presence of Russian troops in the Donbas and saying that only Russian equipment was present. He considers the separatist

Donetsk Donetsk ( , ; ; ), formerly known as Aleksandrovka, Yuzivka (or Hughesovka), Stalin, and Stalino, is an industrial city in eastern Ukraine located on the Kalmius River in Donetsk Oblast, which is currently occupied by Russia as the capita ...

and Luhansk areas to be the territories of Ukraine. Shariy supports the Kremlin assertion that Ukraine is a "western colony" dominated with anti-Russian "neo-Nazis", which has been used by Russia to justify its 2022 invasion of Ukraine. After the

2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine On 24 February 2022, , starting the largest and deadliest war in Europe since World War II, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, conflict between the two countries which began in 2014. The fighting has caused hundreds of thou ...

, Shariy accused Zelensky and the Ukrainian media of manipulating public opinion in the west. Shariy denies holding a pro-Russian stance, telling El Independiente: "The Ukrainian government comfortably uses such labels against anyone expressing any criticism. What do they do when you expose their censorship? They say you are pro-Russia. I care about my country, and I have the right to criticize the corruption of the president and the government," he responds.

Attitude to homosexuality and Romani

In the early 2000s Anatoly Shariy belonged to the Organizing Committee of the movement " Love Against Homosexuality". Shariy described homosexuals as sick and advocated criminal liability for homosexual propaganda., ''

Heinrich Böll Foundation The Heinrich Böll Foundation (German language, German: ''Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung Eingetragener Verein, e.V.''; Abbreviation: HBS) is a German legally independent political foundation. Affiliated with Alliance '90/The Greens, Alliance 90/The Gr ...

''. In a 2010 article, "Blue Rust. Dictatorship of Sodomites" Shariy expressed an opinion that due to death sentences for same-sex and adultery relationships in

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...

after the

Islamic revolution The Iranian Revolution (, ), also known as the 1979 Revolution, or the Islamic Revolution of 1979 (, ) was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979. The revolution led to the replacement of the Im ...

the situation with prostitution, pedophilia, and rape in Iran was much better than in Ukraine. In the summer of 2020, journalist Sergei Ivanov posted screenshots of Anatoly Shariy's publications from 2010 in which he showed understanding for the extermination of homosexuals and

Romani Romani may refer to: Ethnic groups * Romani people, or Roma, an ethnic group of Indo-Aryan origin ** Romani language, an Indo-Aryan macrolanguage of the Romani communities ** Romanichal, Romani subgroup in the United Kingdom * Romanians (Romanian ...

in gas chambers during the

Third Reich Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictat ...

. In the article by El Independiente, the journalist denies ever supporting “the extermination of homosexuals in gas chambers during Nazi Germany.” He was indeed a member of the Christian organization “Love Against Homosexuality” between 2008 and 2009, but according to Shariy, he never made such horrific statements. He now says that he has long distanced himself from homophobic views, has been living in the European Union for 11 years, and has changed significantly.

Cultural and political image

Accusations of anti-Ukrainian and pro-Russian position

Deutsche Welle (; "German Wave"), commonly shortened to DW (), is a German state-funded television network, state-owned international broadcaster funded by the Federal Government of Germany. The service is available in 32 languages. DW's satellite tele ...

states that Shariy justified the arrests of participants of the

2017–2018 Russian protests The 2017–2018 Russian protests were a long series of countrywide street protest actions and demonstrations in the Russian Federation, which were primarily concerned with suppressing corruption in the Russian government (from 26 March 2017 th ...

by saying that Russian authorities should not wait until the first

molotov cocktails A Molotov cocktail (among several other names – ''see '') is a hand-thrown incendiary weapon consisting of a frangible container filled with flammable substances and equipped with a fuse (typically a glass bottle filled with flammable l ...

appear. In 2015 Shariy announced a reward of 1,000 Euro to anybody who demonstrates a piece of pro-Russian or anti-Ukrainian propaganda in his posts. During the 2019 Parliamentary Elections he increased the bounty to 5,000 Euro."1/2 ПРАВДЫ + 1/2 ПРАВДЫ = ЛОЖЬ"
1/2 Truth + 1/2 Truth" = Falsehood by Yuri Melnik (Юрий Мельник, Кафедра зарубежной печати и информации, Львовский национальный университет имени Ивана Франко) 30 July 2019 (retrieved 15 November 2019) ''The New Voice of Ukraine'' described Shariy as "a blogger-turned-propagandist", whose main activities are "discrediting Ukrainian state policy, deliberately spreading misinformation about Russia’s eight-year-long war against Ukraine in the Donbas, attempting to disrupt political and social stability in Ukraine, inciting internal conflicts on ethnic and religious grounds", noting how Shariy often features on TV stations owned by pro-Russian oligarch

Viktor Medvedchuk Viktor Volodymyrovych Medvedchuk (; born 7 August 1954), also known as Viktor Vladimirovich Medvedchuk (), is a former Ukrainian lawyer, business oligarch, and politician who has lived in exile in Russia since September 2022 after being handed ...

, such as

NewsOne NewsOne or News 1 or ''variation'', may refer to: * CTV News1, Canadian cable news channel * NewsOne (Ukrainian TV channel), a former Ukrainian TV news channel * News1, Israeli news website * News1 (Thai TV channel) See also * NewsON * * * ...

112 Ukraine 112 Ukraine () was a private Ukrainian TV channel which provided 24-hour news coverage. 112 Ukraine was available on satellites AMOS 2/3, via the DVB-T2 network, and was also available in packages of all major Ukrainian cable operators until it ...

and ZIK TV. The outlet also underlined how Shariy often propagated pro-Russian fake news and extremely hateful rhetoric against people living in

Western Ukraine Western Ukraine or West Ukraine (, ) refers to the western territories of Ukraine. There is no universally accepted definition of the territory's boundaries, but the contemporary Ukrainian administrative regions ( oblasts) of Chernivtsi, I ...

. Shariy denied having any connection to

Recognition

In November 2017, in a ''

Novoye Vremya ''The New Times'' (, tr. ''Novoe Vremya'') is a Russian language magazine in Russia. The magazine was founded in 1943. The magazine is a liberal, independent Russian weekly news magazine, publishing for Russia and Armenia. (During the Soviet ...

'' magazine rating of the personalities by number of readers in the Ukrainian segments of Facebook and Twitter, Shariy got the 12th place with the aggregate audience of 511,000 people. In the same month he was number 3 of the top most popular Ukrainian political bloggers on

Facebook Facebook is a social media and social networking service owned by the American technology conglomerate Meta Platforms, Meta. Created in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg with four other Harvard College students and roommates, Eduardo Saverin, Andre ...

according to the rating of ''

''. In 2019 Shariy was 34th in the list of Top-100 most influential people and phenomena in Ukraine compiled by media holding . The company Brand Analytics regularly publishes its ratings of

Russophone This article details the geographical distribution of Russian-speakers. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the status of the Russian language often became a matter of controversy. Some Post-Soviet states adopted policies of Derus ...

YouTube-bloggers. In its ratings February 2019, in terms of viewer engagement rate (defined by the company as the sum of likes and comments), Shariy's vlog held the 1st place, collecting about 3 million likes and 430,000 comments. In terms of audience, with 1.8 million subscribers he was on the 38th place. The company noticed that political topics usually attracts a small fraction of YouTube viewers. In its June 2020 ranking - Top 20 Russian-speaking YouTube bloggers in terms of involvement, Anatoly Shariy was the 3rd with 4.4 million people involved.

Notes

References

External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Shariy Anatoly Video bloggers Ukrainian YouTubers Investigative journalists 21st-century journalists Journalists from Kyiv 21st-century Ukrainian politicians People from Kyiv Politicians from Kyiv Ukrainian refugees Refugees in Europe 1978 births Living people Russian propagandists