Anatoly Anatolyevich Neratov (Russian: Анатолий Анатольевич Нератов) (2 October 1863 in

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eigh ...

– 10 April 1938 in

Villejuif Villejuif () is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. Name The earliest reference to Villejuif appears in a bill signed by the Pope Callixtus II on 27 November 1119. It refers to Villa Ju ...

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan ar ...

) was a Russian diplomat and an official of the Russian foreign ministry.Архив Александра Н. Яковлева – Альманах "Россия. ХХ век" – Биографический словарь:
Нератов, Анатолий Анатольевич
' He was deputy to five foreign ministers of the

Tsarist Tsarist autocracy (russian: царское самодержавие, transcr. ''tsarskoye samoderzhaviye''), also called Tsarism, was a form of autocracy (later absolute monarchy) specific to the Grand Duchy of Moscow and its successor states th ...

and the

Provisional Government A provisional government, also called an interim government, an emergency government, or a transitional government, is an emergency governmental authority set up to manage a political transition generally in the cases of a newly formed state or f ...

. Sazonov Sergey Dmitrievich (Detail).jpg, His patron

Sergey Sazonov Sergei Dmitryevich Sazonov GCB (Russian: Сергей Дмитриевич Сазонов; 10 August 1860 in Ryazan Governorate 11 December 1927) was a Russian statesman and diplomat who served as Foreign Minister from November 1910 to July 1916 ...

was deputized by Neratov from March to December 1911 Boris V. Shturmer.jpeg, Following

Boris Stürmer Baron Boris Vladimirovich Shturmer (russian: Бори́с Влади́мирович Штю́рмер) (27 July 1848 – 9 September 1917) was a Russian lawyer, a Master of Ceremonies at the Russian Court, and a district governor. He became a m ...

's downfall in November 1916 his deputy Neratov led the foreign ministry Nikolai Pokrovsky.jpg, Nikolai Pokrovsky took over the office from Neratov and gave it back to him in February 1917 Pavel Miliukov4.gif,

Pavel Milyukov Pavel Nikolayevich Milyukov ( rus, Па́вел Никола́евич Милюко́в, p=mʲɪlʲʊˈkof; 31 March 1943) was a Russian historian and liberal politician. Milyukov was the founder, leader, and the most prominent member of the C ...

took over the ministry in March 1917 but kept Neratov as his deputy minister Tereshenko MI.jpg, Neratov remained in office under Mikhail Tereshchenko, too, until November 1917 After finishing the Imperial Lyceum in Tsarskoye Selo Neratov joined the Foreign service around 1890.Михайловский, Георгий Николаевич: ''Записки. Из истории российского внешнеполитического ведомства, 1914–1920 гг. Книга 1
Анатолий Анатольевич Нератов
' Between 1906 and 1910 he was vice-director of the 1st department of the Russian foreign ministry, Mikhail Nikolaevich Pokrovskiĭ, Otto Hoetzsch: ''Die internationalen Beziehungen im Zeitalter des Imperialismus'', Vol. 1, Part 5, Vol. 5 (Dokumente aus den Archiven der zaris ishen und der provisorischen Regierung), page 426. Reimar Hobbing, Berlin 1954 from 1910 on until 1917 he then was Permanent

Under Secretary of State Under Secretary of State (U/S) is a title used by senior officials of the United States Department of State who rank above the Assistant Secretaries and below the Deputy Secretary. From 1919 to 1972, the Under Secretary was the second-ranking off ...

resp. Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs.Marina Soroka: ''Britain, Russia and the Road to the First World War – The Fateful Embassy of Count Aleksandr Benckendorff (1903–16)'', pages 207–223 and 292. Routledge, London/New York 2016 Although Neratov has never been abroad during his long service he temporarily became acting foreign minister four times: *from March to December 1911 (i. e. during Persian Revolution, Moroccan Crisis and Tripolitanian War) when Sergei Dmitryevich Sazonov fell ill,Jonathan Mercer: ''Reputation and International Politics'', pages 171–175 and 202–210. Cornell University Press, Ithaca 2010 *in November/December 1916 (during

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...

) after

Boris Vladimirovich Stürmer Baron Boris Vladimirovich Shturmer (russian: Бори́с Влади́мирович Штю́рмер) (27 July 1848 – 9 September 1917) was a Russian lawyer, a Master of Ceremonies at the Russian Court, and a district governor. He became a ...

was dismissedЭнциклопедия "Вокруг света":
Министерство иностранных дел Российской Федерации
' and before Nikolai Nikolayevich Pokrovsky was appointed (in December Neratov became a member of the

State Council State Council may refer to: Government * State Council of the Republic of Korea, the national cabinet of South Korea, headed by the President * State Council of the People's Republic of China, the national cabinet and chief administrative autho ...

, too) *in February/March 1917 (after the February Revolution) when Pokrovsky resigned and before Pavel Nikolayevich Milyukov was appointed *in October/November 1917 (following the

October Revolution The October Revolution,. officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution. in the Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key mome ...

) when Mikhail Ivanovich Tereshchenko was arrested temporarily

Leon Trotsky Lev Davidovich Bronstein. ( – 21 August 1940), better known as Leon Trotsky; uk, link= no, Лев Давидович Троцький; also transliterated ''Lyev'', ''Trotski'', ''Trotskij'', ''Trockij'' and ''Trotzky''. (), was a Russian M ...

, the new ''People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs'', asked Neratov to subordinate to the

Council of People's Commissars The Councils of People's Commissars (SNK; russian: Совет народных комиссаров (СНК), ''Sovet narodnykh kommissarov''), commonly known as the ''Sovnarkom'' (Совнарком), were the highest executive authorities of ...

and to hand over the secret documents from the diplomatic archives of the foreign ministry. Neratov refused and was eventually deposed and replaced by Ivan Zalkind in November 1917.Михайловский, Георгий Николаевич: ''Записки. Из истории российского внешнеполитического ведомства, 1914–1920 гг. Книга 1.
Троцкий в министерстве
' The secret documents were confiscated and published, however, in January 1918 Neratov claimed that some of these published documents were nothing more than insignificant notices or even forgeries. Wladimir P. Potjomkin: ''Geschichte der Diplomatie'', Vol. 2 (Die Diplomatie der Neuzeit, 1872–1919), page 363. SWA, Berlin 1948. During the

Russian Civil War {{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Russian Civil War , partof = the Russian Revolution and the aftermath of World War I , image = , caption = Clockwise from top left: {{flatlist, *Soldiers ...

Nerotov advised the "White" movement – first

Anton Ivanovich Denikin Anton Ivanovich Denikin (russian: Анто́н Ива́нович Дени́кин, link= ; 16 December O.S. 4 December">Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Old Style and New Style dates">O.S. 4 December1872 – 7 August 19 ...

,David Golinikow: ''Fiasko einer Konterrevolution'', page 349f. Dietz, Berlin 1982 then, from 1920, Denikin's successor

Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel Baron Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel (russian: Пётр Никола́евич барон Вра́нгель, translit=Pëtr Nikoláevič Vrángel', p=ˈvranɡʲɪlʲ, german: Freiherr Peter Nikolaus von Wrangel; April 25, 1928), also known by his ni ...

. Wrangel finally sent Neratov as his ambassador to

Istanbul Istanbul ( , ; tr, İstanbul ), formerly known as Constantinople ( grc-gre, Κωνσταντινούπολις; la, Constantinopolis), is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, ...

to get support from the Entente. At the end of the

Turkish War of Independence The Turkish War of Independence "War of Liberation", also known figuratively as ''İstiklâl Harbi'' "Independence War" or ''Millî Mücadele'' "National Struggle" (19 May 1919 – 24 July 1923) was a series of military campaigns waged by th ...

, when the Entente gave Istanbul back to the Turks, Neratov fled to France.

Sources

{{DEFAULTSORT:Neratov, Anatoly Anatolyevich 1863 births 1938 deaths Foreign ministers of the Russian Empire Foreign ministers of Russia Russian people of World War I Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum alumni Emigrants from the Russian Empire to France Russian anti-communists