Anatoly Kharlampiev
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Anatoly Arkadyevich Kharlampiyev (; 29 October 1906 – 16 April 1979), was a Russian researcher of various kinds of national wrestling and
martial arts Martial arts are codified systems and traditions of combat practiced for a number of reasons such as self-defence; military and law enforcement applications; combat sport, competition; physical, mental, and spiritual development; entertainment; ...
,
Merited Master of Sports of the USSR Unified All-Russian Sports Classification () is a system which regulates the Russian physical education system requirements for both athletes and coaches. History In the Soviet period Unified Sports Classification System of the USSR () exist ...
, and Honored Coach of Sports of the USSR. He was one of the founders of
Sambo Sambo may refer to: Places * Sambo, Angola, a commune in Tchicala Tcholohanga, Huambo Province, Angola * Sambo Creek, a village in Honduras People * Ferdy Sambo (born 1973), former Indonesian police general * Khem Sambo (1961–2011), Cambodi ...
, a martial art technique developed in the Soviet Union (his predecessors in the creation of Sambo were Viktor Afanasyevich Spiridonov and Vasily Sergeyevich Oshchepkov). Kharlampiyev worked as a physical education trainer at the
Communist University of the Toilers of the East The Communist University of the Toilers of the East (, KUTV; also known as the Far East University) was a revolutionary training school for important communist political leaders. The school operated under the umbrella of the Communist Internatio ...
, and also was a student of
boxing Boxing is a combat sport and martial art. Taking place in a boxing ring, it involves two people – usually wearing protective equipment, such as boxing glove, protective gloves, hand wraps, and mouthguards – throwing Punch (combat), punch ...
,
fencing Fencing is a combat sport that features sword fighting. It consists of three primary disciplines: Foil (fencing), foil, épée, and Sabre (fencing), sabre (also spelled ''saber''), each with its own blade and set of rules. Most competitive fe ...
,
acrobatics Acrobatics () is the performance of human feats of balance (ability), balance, agility, and motor coordination. Acrobatic skills are used in performing arts, sports, sporting events, and martial arts. Extensive use of acrobatic skills are most ...
, and
mountaineering Mountaineering, mountain climbing, or alpinism is a set of outdoor activities that involves ascending mountains. Mountaineering-related activities include traditional outdoor climbing, skiing, and traversing via ferratas that have become mounta ...
. In 1938, Kharlampiyev presented Sambo to the USSR All-Union Sports Committee, which recognized the martial art as an official sport.


Biography

Kharlampiyev's grandfather, Georgy Yakovlevich Kharlampiyev, was a gymnast and boxer. For many years, he collected, studied, and classified various techniques of hand-to-hand combat and self-defense. Kharlampiyev's father, Arkady Georgievich Kharlampiyev (1888-1936), graduated with honors from the
Imperial Academy of Arts The Imperial Academy of Arts, informally known as the Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts, was an art academy in Saint Petersburg, founded in 1757 by Ivan Shuvalov, the founder of the Imperial Moscow University, under the name ''Academy of th ...
and was sent to Paris at the state's expense to continue his studies. After a while, due to lack of funds to continue his studies, he began to fight in a professional European boxing ring. He soon became the champion of France, and then Europe (in the absolute category). After that he returned to Russia to begin making boxing popular. He was considered one of the founders of the Russian boxing school. From his early childhood, Kharlampiyev was trained by his grandfather and father. At the age of six, he acted in a group of aerial acrobats in a circus. By 16, he had already become a versatile athlete and a well-trained wrestler and boxer.


Sambo

Kharlampiyev dedicated his life to the creation and development of a new application martial arts – Sambo. At the beginning of 1920, he began to collect and systemize national games containing methods of combat, and in 1934 to describe and classify sports and fighting techniques. In 1936, he graduated from the
Russian State University of Physical Education, Sport, Youth and Tourism Russian State University of Physical Education, Sport, Youth and Tourism (SCOLIPE) () is a university in Moscow, founded in 1918. History The idea of creating an educational institution came from the wife of Vladimir Bonch-Bruyevich, Vera Mikha ...
(Department of
Judo is an unarmed gendai budō, modern Japanese martial art, combat sport, Olympic sport (since 1964), and the most prominent form of jacket wrestling competed internationally.『日本大百科全書』電子版【柔道】(CD-ROM version of Encyc ...
directed by
Vasili Oshchepkov Vasili Sergeyevich Oshchepkov (; January 7, 1893 - October 10, 1937) was a Russian and Soviet researcher of different types of national wrestling and martial arts. He was ranked as a Merited Master of Sports of the USSR and an Honored Coach of ...
). Starting in 1935, Kharlampiyev led
judo is an unarmed gendai budō, modern Japanese martial art, combat sport, Olympic sport (since 1964), and the most prominent form of jacket wrestling competed internationally.『日本大百科全書』電子版【柔道】(CD-ROM version of Encyc ...
training at the Moscow Palace of Sports, known as the "Wings of the Soviets". From 1945 to 1952, he worked as the senior manager of the Central "Dynamo" Council. From 1953 on, he was Associate Professor of the Department of Physical Education (in Moscow Power Engineering Institute). Kharlampiyev created the Sambo system including a sports subsystem (which is the foundation). Sambo is commonly practiced by the Soviet, and later Russian, militaries (which was seen as the target application). The sport subsystem eventually became known as Sambo Wrestling (or simply Sambo), and the combat form as Combat Sambo. By creating the system of Sambo, Anatoly Kharlampiyev carefully studied judo and mastered it in practice (under the direction of Vasili Oshchepkov). In the Sambo system, he saw a new kind of martial arts, enriched with the most effective techniques of other kinds of combat. During his years as physical training instructor at the
Communist University of the Toilers of the East The Communist University of the Toilers of the East (, KUTV; also known as the Far East University) was a revolutionary training school for important communist political leaders. The school operated under the umbrella of the Communist Internatio ...
(TAS) and the International Society of red stadium builders (OSMKS), Kharlampiyev continued to study different kinds of martial arts. Comprehension of the essence of the struggle (both science and art) assisted learning techniques and tactics of fights from outstanding fighters (
Ivan Poddubny Ivan Maksimovich Poddubny (; ; – 8 August 1949) was a professional wrestler from the Russian Empire and Soviet Union. Biography Poddubniy was born on John the Apostle day in 1871 into a family of Zaporozhian CossacksAndrei Rostotsky Andrei Stanislavovich Rostotsky (Russian: Андрей Станиславович Ростоцкий, January 25, 1957 – May 5, 2002) was a USSR, Soviet Russian film and theatre actor and stunt performer, film director and screenwriter, and ...
.


World War II

The development of a new kind of wrestling was halted by
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
when Anatoly Kharlampiyev volunteered and was sent to the front in the Red Army on July 7, 1941. Since September 1941 he was with the 18th Infantry Division of the Leningradsky district of Moscow.


After the war

After the war, Anatoly Kharlampiyev stepped up his activities on the development and spreading of a new kind of wrestling. Since 1947, the holding of the USSR championships continued. In 1947, the Second All-Union gathering of trainers was held on the initiative of Kharlampiyev. During this conference it was decided that the new kind of combat wrestling, cultivated in the Soviet Union would be called Sambo (abbr. from the "self-defense without weapons"). At the same assembly, it was decided to create a Federation of Sambo. Sambo competitions became a regular occurrence in the cities, regions and republics of the Soviet Union. Anatoly Kharlampiyev began publication of educational materials for Sambo. Sports and educational work with young people and security forces in the sections Sambo, which was held by Anatoly Arkadyevich (head coach of the "Krylia Sovetov" Sports Society; senior coach of the "Dynamo" Sports Society (1945-1952, Moscow) and his companions, rapidly increased the number of Sambo wrestlers in the USSR. In those years, Anatoly Kharlampiyev may have been one of the most prolific Sambo coaches. In 1953, Kharlampiyev became Associate Professor of
Moscow Power Engineering Institute National Research University "Moscow Power Engineering Institute" (MPEI; ) is a public university based in Moscow, Russia. It offers training in the fields of Power Engineering, Electric Engineering, Radio Engineering, Electronics, Information ...
(MPEI). Since that time, Sambo began to spread to universities in Moscow and other cities of the USSR.


Death

Kharlampiyev died on April 16, 1979.


Memory

The first All-Union tournament in Sambo in memory of Anatoly Kharlampiyev was held in Moscow's universal gym "Friendship" on 10–11 October 1980. Since 1982, these events have become international.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kharlampiyev, Anatoly 1906 births 1979 deaths Martial arts school founders Sportspeople from Smolensk Russian sambo practitioners Soviet martial artists Soviet inventors Soviet military personnel of World War II