Anatoly Dorodnitsyn
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Anatoly Alekseyevich Dorodnitsyn (
Russian Russian(s) may refer to: *Russians (), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *A citizen of Russia *Russian language, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages *''The Russians'', a b ...
: Анатолий Алексеевич Дородницын) 19 November (per Julian Calendar), 2 December (per Gregorian Calendar), 1910 – 7 June 1994,
Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...
) was a Russian mathematician who worked as an
engineer Engineers, as practitioners of engineering, are professionals who Invention, invent, design, build, maintain and test machines, complex systems, structures, gadgets and materials. They aim to fulfill functional objectives and requirements while ...
in the former
Soviet space program The Soviet space program () was the state space program of the Soviet Union, active from 1951 until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Contrary to its competitors (NASA in the United States, the European Space Agency in Western Euro ...
. Dorodnitsyn was a Full member of the
Russian Academy of Sciences The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; ''Rossíyskaya akadémiya naúk'') consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation; and additional scientific and social units such ...
(1953), and a professor at the department of physical and mathematical sciences (1949), majoring in geophysics. In same cases (for example, in English version some official blanks in Russia) the following translations were also used: Anatolii instead Anatoly and (or) Dorodnicyn instead Dorodnitsyn.


Biography

Dorodnitsyn was born in the village of Bashino, Kashira County (
Tula Governorate Tula Governorate () was an administrative-territorial unit ('' guberniya'') of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR. The governate existed from 1796 to 1929; its seat was in the city of Tula. It was divided into 12 districts. The main towns w ...
), Russian Empire, the son of a village medical doctor, Alexei Petrovich Dorodnitsyn, a graduate of the
University of Tartu The University of Tartu (UT; ; ) is a public research university located in the city of Tartu, Estonia. It is the national university of Estonia. It is also the largest and oldest university in the country.
(now Estonia), and Nina Ivanovna Dorodnitsyna, née Vyshemirskaya, the only daughter of an Orthodox priest. He was the third child in the family, with two older sisters. The family migrated to Ukraine in 1914 and lived in a village of Novaya Basan’, near
Kyiv Kyiv, also Kiev, is the capital and most populous List of cities in Ukraine, city of Ukraine. Located in the north-central part of the country, it straddles both sides of the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2022, its population was 2, ...
, during World War I and the Russian Civil War. Anatoly studied in a 7-grade school in the nearby village of Berezan’. The family moved to
Grozny Grozny (, ; ) is the capital city of Chechnya, Russia. The city lies on the Sunzha River. According to the 2021 Russian census, 2021 census, it had a population of 328,533 — up from 210,720 recorded in the 2002 Russian Census, 2002 ce ...
in
North Caucasus The North Caucasus, or Ciscaucasia, is a subregion in Eastern Europe governed by Russia. It constitutes the northern part of the wider Caucasus region, which separates Europe and Asia. The North Caucasus is bordered by the Sea of Azov and the B ...
, the capital of the Chechen region, in 1925, where Anatoly graduated from high school in 1927. In the same year, Dorodnitsyn passed the entry examination at the Novocherkassk Polytechnic Institute, with honors, but was denied enrollment based on his “non-proletarian origin”. He immediately applied to, and was enrolled in, the Grozny Oil Technical School, which was one of the first higher educational institutions teaching hydrocarbon-related subjects in Russia. The hydrocarbon industry and related educational institutions were growing rapidly at the time. The technical school he studied in was upgraded to “The Grozny Oil Institute” and Dorodnitsyn graduated from it in 1931 with a degree as Oil Production Engineer. His first employer was the Leningrad Oil Exploration Institute. The following year, he joined the Leningrad Main Geophysical Observatory, which is the oldest meteorological institution in Russia. Both these organizations created their own seismological task force, appointing Dorodnitsyn as their head and dispatching them to the Ural Mountains, Bashkortostan and Turkmenistan to conduct geological researches. At that time, Dorodnitsyn realized there was a serious gap in his mathematical education, since only the basics of calсulus were included in the Grozny Oil Institute’s program. He devoted all his evenings after work to study mathematics; this helped radically improve his mathematical skills. He completed his postgraduate studies at the Leningrad Main Geophysical Observatory from 1936 to 1938 under the supervision of Prof. Ilya Afanasievich Kibel, a member of the scientific school led by academician Nikolai Yevgrafovich Kochin, a leading Russian researcher in applied mathematics, particularly in the areas of fluid and gas mechanics. In 1939, Dorodnitsyn defended his thesis at
Leningrad State University Saint Petersburg State University (SPBGU; ) is a public research university in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in Russia. Founded in 1724 by a decree of Peter the Great, the university from the be ...
. The topic of the thesis was related to air flow problems around irregularities of the Earth’s surface. He received his PhD and was promoted to the position of Senior Research Fellow in the Department of Dynamic Meteorology of the Leningrad Main Geophysical Observatory. In 1940, Dorodnitsyn entered a doctoral program led by academician Nikolai Yevgrafovich Kochin at the Institute of Mechanics of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The topic of his doctoral thesis, “Boundary layer in compressible gas”, turned out to be ground-breaking for both meteorology and aircraft theory. This was of high importance for the aircraft industry’s development during World War II and on the eve of Great Patriotic War. In 1941 Dorodnitsyn was dispatched to
TsAGI The Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (also (Zhukovsky) Central Institute of Aerodynamics, , TsAGI) is a Russian national research centre for aviation. It was founded in Moscow by Russian aviation pioneer Nikolai Yegorovich Zhukovsky on Decemb ...
, Russia’s leading aircraft and aerospace research organization and aircraft design center, located in Zhukovsky on the outskirts of Moscow. There, he took the new position of lead engineer, approved by the Soviet Government at TsAGI’s request. Dorodnitsyn worked in TsAGI until 1961 and grew from department head to sector director and laboratory scientific head. He worked in the aviation division, which was established by TsAGI’s head Ivan Fedorovich Petrov, together with the outstanding Soviet scientists
Mstislav Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich Keldysh (; – 24 June 1978) was a Soviet mathematician who worked as an engineer in the Soviet space program. He was the academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (1946), President of the Academy of Sc ...
, Vladimir Vetchinkin, Sergey Khristianovich, Ivan Ostoslavskii, Georgii Svishchev and Sergei Shishkin. He defended his doctoral thesis on the boundary layer in a compressible gas and received a doctoral degree in technical sciences. Dorodnitsyn worked part time at the Leningrad branch of the Steklov Mathematical Institute as a leading research fellow and later as a department head. Without the usual prior election as a corresponding member, he was elected a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the department of physical and mathematical sciences, majoring in geophysics, in 1953.


Main science works and results

The main academic works of Dorodnitsyn are devoted to ordinary differential equations, algebra, meteorology, vortex wing theory, boundary layer theory in a compressible gas, supersonic gas dynamics, the numerical method of integral relations, and the small parameter method for
Navier–Stokes equations The Navier–Stokes equations ( ) are partial differential equations which describe the motion of viscous fluid substances. They were named after French engineer and physicist Claude-Louis Navier and the Irish physicist and mathematician Georg ...
. Dorodnitsyn also contributed a lot to Informatics. Dorodnitsyn achieved the following main scientific results: * He studied asymptotic behavior of solutions of certain classes of nonlinear differential equations; * He developed the vortex theory of wings of complex shapes and proposed numerical methods for supersonic asymmetric gas flows; * He developed a numerical method of integral relations for partial differential equations and numerical methods for Navier–Stokes equations; * He mathematically described air currents over mountain ranges and created the theory of the boundary layer in a compressible gas.


In higher education

Dorodnitsyn devoted a lot of his time to teaching. * He taught as an associate professor at the higher mathematics department at the Leningrad Mining Institute in 1939–1940; * He delivered lectures to post-graduate students in TsAGI as of 1941; * He taught as a professor at the department of theoretical aerodynamics at the MAI in 1944–1946; * He gave lectures at the faculty of physics and technology of Moscow State University (PhTF MSU) in 1947–1951; * After PhTF MSU was detached from MSU and became an independent
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT; , also known as PhysTech), is a public university, public research university located in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It prepares specialists in theoretical physics, theoretical and applied physics, ...
(MIPT) in 1951, Dorodnitsyn headed the departments of aerodynamics (1953–1964), gas dynamics (1964–1967), applied mathematics (1967–1971) and mathematical physics (1971–1994) there.


Managing of scientific programs

Dorodnitsyn’s activities in managing of the Soviet scientific programs were extremely important for the scientific and technological development of USSR. * Dorodnitsyn was a founding father of the Computing Centre of USSR Academy of Sciences. He served as its director in 1955–1989, its honorary director and scientific director in 1989–1994. This centre was named after him in 2000 and became Dorodnitsyn Computing Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences. * He was a co-founder of the USSR National Committee for theoretical and applied mechanics in 1956. * He proposed to create the Department of Informatics in the Russian Academy of Sciences. * He founded and for many years led as an editor-in-chief the Journal of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics. * He was a co-founder of the International Federation for information processing ( IFIP) within
UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO ) is a List of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and International secur ...
in 1960 that initially united 55 countries. He served as IFIP President in 1968–1971. * He headed and served on a number of commissions and committees on computer technology, control systems and software in the USSR and at the level of
COMECON The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, often abbreviated as Comecon ( ) or CMEA, was an economic organization from 1949 to 1991 under the leadership of the Soviet Union that comprised the countries of the Eastern Bloc#List of states, Easter ...
, which was an analogue of European Economic Community for East-European and socialist countries.


Memory

The Dorodnitsyn Computing Centre, MIPT and
TsAGI The Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (also (Zhukovsky) Central Institute of Aerodynamics, , TsAGI) is a Russian national research centre for aviation. It was founded in Moscow by Russian aviation pioneer Nikolai Yegorovich Zhukovsky on Decemb ...
held the International Conference on Applied Mathematics and Computer Science dedicated to Academician A.A. Dorodnicyn’s 100th Birthday Anniversary in 2010.International Conference on Applied Mathematics and Computer Science dedicated to Academician A.A. Dorodnicyn’s 100-th Birthday Anniversary in 2010
/ref> A substantial part of the presentations of Russian and foreign scientists on this conference aimed at original accomplishments in the fields marked by A.A. Dorodnicyn's fundamental contributions.


National honors and awards

* Order of the Badge of Honour (1943) * Order of the Red Star (1945) * Stalin prize II degree (1946) for work on the theory of the boundary layer * Stalin prize II degree (1947) for design of new wings for high-speed aircraft * Stalin prize (1951) for research in aerodynamics * Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1954) * Order of Lenin (1956, 1959, 1963, 1970, 1980) *
Hero of Socialist Labor The Hero of Socialist Labour () was an honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It represented the highest degree of distinction in the USSR and was awarded for exceptional achievements in Soviet ...
(1970) * N.M. Krylov prize of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR (1972, 1978) * Order of the October Revolution (1975) * A.N. Krylov prize of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1977) * Prize of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1981) * Lenin prize (1983) for the development and implementation of the ES EVM * Glushkov prize of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR (1983) *
Order of Friendship of Peoples The Order of Friendship of Peoples () was an order of the Soviet Union, and was awarded to persons (including non-citizens), organizations, enterprises, military units, as well as administrative subdivisions of the USSR for accomplishments in s ...
(1986) * Medal of Vladimir Nikolaevich Chelomey


Foreign honors and awards

* Foreign member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (1970) *
Order of Friendship (Vietnam) The Friendship Order () is a service award conferred by the Government of Vietnam for "foreigners and on collectives of foreigners who have made great contributions to building, consolidating and developing the friendship between Vietnam and other ...
, (1982) *
Order of Saints Cyril and Methodius The Order of Saints Cyril and Methodius is an award conferred by the Republic of Bulgaria. History It has had three incarnations : * first on 18 May 1909 by the Kingdom of Bulgaria (named Order of Saints Cyril and Methodius Equal-to-apostles), ...
(people's Republic of Bulgaria, 1987) * Medal of the City of Paris (Silver) * Medals оf the academies of Sciences of the GDR, Bulgaria and Mongolia


Selected bibliography

; Collection of works After Anatoly Dorodnitsyn’s disease, editorial Board, composed of Alexander Abramov, Oleg Belotserkovskii, E. M. Dobryshman, Yuri Yevtushenko, Yuri Zhuravlev, Boris Pal'tsev, Vladimir Sychev, Leonid Turchak, Yuri Shmyglevskii (resp. ed.) compiled and published in the publishing house CCRAS in 1997 two volumes of selected scientific works of Anatoly Dorodnitsyn. * ''Dorodnitsyn A. A.'
Selected scientific works, Vol. 1.
/ Ed. "Yuri D. Shmyglevskii". Moscow: EC RAS, 1997. 396 p. issue 1000 PCs. . (rus.) * ''Dorodnitsyn A. A.'
Selected scientific works, vol. 2.
/ ed. "Yu. D. Shmyglevsky". Moscow: EC RAS, 1997. 352 p. issue 1000 PCs. . (rus.)


In Science database

* zbMATH
Dorodnitsyn, Anatoliĭ Alekseevich
* Math-Net.Ru
Dorodnitsyn, Anatolii Alekseevich


Literature about Dorodnitsyn

* ''Belotserkovsky O. M.'
50 years together
(Memories of academician A. A. Dorodnitsyn). Subtitle "to the 100th anniversary of his birth" Ed. doctor of physical and mathematical Sciences B. V. Pal'tsev. Moscow: CC RAS, 2010. Pages 33–43. (rus.) * ''Dorodnitsyna V. V., Yevtushenko Yu. G., Shevchenko V. V.'
Academician A. A. Dorodnitsyn: life as a daring time (to the 105th anniversary of his birth)
// Under the General editorship of prof. Sergey Ya. Stepanov. M.: CC RAS, 2015. 466 p. Format 60*90 1/8 (210*298 mm). 300 pieces. . (rus.)


See also

* Dorodnitsyn transformation


References


External links

; in English
A.A. Dorodnytsyn profile
on Russian mathematical portal (Math-Net.Ru) (eng.)
Biography
on portal warheroes.ru (language may be selected)

Sci Biography on Russian Virtual Computer Museum. ; in Russian
Anatoly Dorondnitsyn profile
on RAS portal (rus.)
TsAGI in faces. A.A. Dorodnytsyn
// TsAGI memorial pages (rus.)

on Dorodnitsyn Computing Centre portal (rus.) * Prof. ''Pavel Iv. Chuskin''
Anatoly Alekseevich Dorodnitsyn (1910—1994)
// CCAS of RAS, 1997. (rus.)
Biography
on portal warheroes.ru (language may be selected). {{DEFAULTSORT:Dorodnitsyn, Anatoly 1910 births 1994 deaths Early spaceflight scientists Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences Soviet space program personnel Academic staff of Moscow State University Academic staff of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute employees Soviet mathematicians