''Anacamptis'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. They include all forbs (flowering plants without a woody stem), grasses and grass-like plants, a vast majority of ...

s in the orchid

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

(

Orchidaceae Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of flowering ...

); it is often abbreviated as Ant in

horticulture Horticulture is the branch of agriculture that deals with the art, science, technology, and business of plant cultivation. It includes the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, herbs, sprouts, mushrooms, algae, flowers, seaweeds and no ...

. This genus was established by

Louis Claude Richard Louis Claude Marie Richard (19 September 1754 – 6 June 1821) was a French botanist and botanical illustrator. Richard was born at Versailles. Between 1781 and 1789 he collected botanical specimens in Central America and the West Indies. On his ...

in 1817; the

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen( ...

is the pyramidal orchid (''A. pyramidalis'') and it nowadays contains about one-third of the

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...

placed in the " wastebin genus" ''

Orchis ''Orchis'' is a genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae), occurring mainly in Europe and Northwest Africa, and ranging as far as Tibet, Mongolia, and Xinjiang. The name is from the Ancient Greek ὄρχις ''orchis'', meaning "testicle", from t ...

'' before this was split up at the end of the 20th century,Bateman & Hollingsworth (2004) among them many that are of

hybrid Hybrid may refer to: Science * Hybrid (biology), an offspring resulting from cross-breeding ** Hybrid grape, grape varieties produced by cross-breeding two ''Vitis'' species ** Hybridity, the property of a hybrid plant which is a union of two diff ...

origin. The genus' scientific name is derived from the Greek word ''anakamptein'', meaning "to bend backwards". These terrestrial orchids occur on

grassland A grassland is an area where the vegetation is dominated by grasses (Poaceae). However, sedge (Cyperaceae) and rush ( Juncaceae) can also be found along with variable proportions of legumes, like clover, and other herbs. Grasslands occur natur ...

limestone Limestone ( calcium carbonate ) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of . Limestone forms wh ...

chalk Chalk is a soft, white, porous, sedimentary carbonate rock. It is a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite and originally formed deep under the sea by the compression of microscopic plankton that had settled to the sea floor. Cha ...

deposits, or on

dune A dune is a landform composed of wind- or water-driven sand. It typically takes the form of a mound, ridge, or hill. An area with dunes is called a dune system or a dune complex. A large dune complex is called a dune field, while broad, fl ...

s in

Eurasia Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelag ...

, from the

Mediterranean The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on th ...

region to

Central Asia Central Asia, also known as Middle Asia, is a region of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north. It includes the former ...

Systematics

Except the pyramidal orchid (''A. pyramidalis''), all species of ''Anacamptis'' seem to form a clade around the green-veined orchid (''A. morio''). They have a

diploid Ploidy () is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes. Sets of chromosomes refer to the number of maternal and paternal chromosome copies, respecti ...

chromosome A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells the most important of these proteins ar ...

number of 32 or 36. A useful character for distinguishing ''Anacamptis'' from ''

'' – where the green-veined orchid clade was formerly included – is the basal fusion of the three

sepal A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 The term ''sepalum'' was coined ...

s in ''Anacamptis''.Bateman ''et al.'' (2003), Bateman & Hollingsworth (2004) The few bigeneric

s are typically between closely related genera, in particular ''

Serapias ''Serapias'' is a genus of terrestrial orchids that can be found all over southern Europe to Asia Minor. The genus was named after Serapis, a syncretic Hellenistic-Egyptian god in Antiquity. ''Serapias'' have spurless flowers and usually go do ...

''. Hybrids between the pyramidal orchid and the early purple orchid (''Orchis mascula''), found in

Cumbria Cumbria ( ) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in North West England, bordering Scotland. The county and Cumbria County Council, its local government, came into existence in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. ...

( UK) in 1997, proved short-lived because of the highly divergent

genomic Genomics is an interdisciplinary field of biology focusing on the structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes. A genome is an organism's complete set of DNA, including all of its genes as well as its hierarchical, three-dim ...

lineages of the parents.

Species

, the

World Checklist of Selected Plant Families The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (usually abbreviated to WCSP) is an "international collaborative programme that provides the latest peer reviewed and published opinions on the accepted scientific names and synonyms of selected pl ...

accepts 11 species, two with subspecies: *'' Anacamptis boryi'' (Rchb.f.) R.M.Bateman (S Greece, Crete) *''

Anacamptis collina ''Anacamptis collina'', the fan-lipped orchid, is a species of orchid. It is native to the Mediterranean and Caspian Sea regions, from Portugal and Morocco to Iran and Turkmenistan Turkmenistan ( or ; tk, Türkmenistan / Түркмени� ...

'' (Banks & Sol. ex Russell) R.M.Bateman (Mediterranean to S Turkmenistan) *'' Anacamptis coriophora'' (L.) R.M.Bateman (Europe, Mediterranean to W Asia) *'' Anacamptis cyrenaica'' (E.A.Durand & Barratte) H.Kretzschmar *'' Anacamptis israelitica'' (H.Baumann & Dafni) R.M.Bateman (N. Israel, Palestine) *''

Anacamptis laxiflora ''Anacamptis laxiflora'' (lax-flowered orchid, loose-flowered orchid, or green-winged meadow orchid) is a species of orchid. It has a wide distribution in Europe and Asia as far north as in Germany, and is found in wet meadows with alkaline soil ...

'' (Lam.) R.M.Bateman – loose-flowered orchid, lax-flowered orchid, Jersey orchid (WC Europe, Mediterranean to C Asia) *'' Anacamptis morio'' (L.) R.M.Bateman – green-winged orchid, green-veined orchid **''Anacamptis morio'' subsp. ''caucasica'' (K.Koch) H.Kretzschmar **''Anacamptis morio'' subsp. ''champagneuxii'' (Barnéoud) H.Kretzschmar (W Mediterranean) ** ''Anacamptis morio'' subsp. ''longicornu'' (Poir.) H.Kretzschmar (W & C Mediterranean) **''Anacamptis morio'' subsp. ''morio'' **''Anacamptis morio'' subsp. ''picta'' (Loisel.) Jacquet & Scappat. ** ''Anacamptis morio'' subsp. ''syriaca'' (E.G.Camus) H.Kretzschmar *'' Anacamptis palustris'' (Jacq.) R.M.Bateman(Europe, Mediterranean to C Asia) **''Anacamptis palustris'' subsp. ''elegans'' (Heuff.) R.M.Bateman (Europe to C Asia) **''Anacamptis palustris'' subsp. ''palustris'' (WC Europe, Mediterranean to Iran) **''Anacamptis palustris'' subsp. ''robusta'' (T.Stephenson) R.M.Bateman (W Morocco) *'' Anacamptis papilionacea'' (L.) R.M.Bateman – butterfly orchid (Mediterranean to Iran) *'' Anacamptis pyramidalis'' (L.) Rich. – pyramidal orchid *'' Anacamptis sancta'' (L.) R.M.Bateman (E Mediterranean to Caucasus)

Selected nothospecies

* ''Anacamptis'' × ''timbali'' nothosubsp. ''albuferensis'' (''A. coriophora'' × ''A. palustris'' subsp. ''robusta'') (Mallorca) * ''Anacamptis'' × ''gennarii'' nothosubsp. ''bornemanniae'' (''A. morio'' subsp. ''longicornu'' × ''A. papilionacea'') (N Africa, Sardinia) * ''Anacamptis'' × ''duquesnei'' (''A. palustris'' × ''A. pyramidalis'') (France) * ''Anacamptis'' × ''feinbruniae'' (''A. israelitica'' × ''A. papilionacea'') * ''Anacamptis'' × ''gennarii'' (''A. morio'' × ''A. papilionacea'') (W Mediterranean) * ''Anacamptis'' × ''laniccae'' (''A. morio'' × ''A. pyramidalis'') (Switzerland, France, Italy) * ''Anacamptis'' × ''lesbiensis'' (''A. pyramidalis'' × ''A. sancta'') (E Aegean Islands) * ''Anacamptis'' × ''simorrensis'' (''A. coriophora'' × ''A. pyramidalis'') (France, Italy, Greece) * ''Anacamptis'' × ''van-lookenii'' (''A. papilionacea'' × ''A. pyramidalis'') (France)

Intergeneric hybrids

* '' × Anacamptiplatanthera'' (''Anacamptis'' × ''

Platanthera The genus ''Platanthera'' belongs to the subfamily Orchidoideae of the family Orchidaceae, and comprises about 150 species of orchids. The members of this genus, known as the butterfly orchids or fringed orchids, were previously included in the ...

'') – accepted name * ''× Anacamptorchis'' (''Anacamptis'' × ''

'') – unplaced name * '' × Dactylocamptis'' (''Anacamptis'' × ''

Dactylorhiza ''Dactylorhiza'' is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family Orchidaceae. Its species are commonly called marsh orchids or spotted orchids. ''Dactylorhiza'' were previously classified under '' Orchis'', which has two round tubers. Descri ...

'') – accepted name * '' × Gymnanacamptis'' (''Anacamptis'' × ''

Gymnadenia ''Gymnadenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family (Orchidaceae) containing 22 terrestrial species. The former genus ''Nigritella'' is now included in ''Gymnadenia''. They can be found in damp meadows, fens and marshes, and on ch ...

'') – accepted name * ''× Ophramptis'' (''Anacamptis'' × ''

Ophrys The genus ''Ophrys'' is a large group of orchids from the alliance Orchis in the subtribe Orchidinae. They are widespread across much of Europe, North Africa, Caucasus, the Canary Islands, and the Middle East as far east as Turkmenistan. These ...

'') – unplaced name * '' × Serapicamptis'' (''Anacamptis'' × ''

'') – accepted name

References

Notes

* (2004): Morphological and molecular investigation of the parentage and maternity of ''A. × albuferensis'' (''A. robusta'' × ''A. fragrans''), a new hybrid from Mallorca, Spain. ''

Taxon In biology, a taxon ( back-formation from '' taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular n ...

'' 53(1): 43-54
HTML abstract
* (2003): Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of Orchidinae and selected Habenariinae (Orchidaceae). ''

Bot. J. Linn. Soc. The ''Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society'' is a scientific journal publishing original papers relating to the taxonomy of all plant groups and fungi, including anatomy, biosystematics, cytology, ecology, ethnobotany, electron microsco ...

'' 142(1): 1–40. PDF fulltext

External links

*
Kew Scientist, issue 12, October 1997
{{Taxonbar, from=Q28107 Orchideae genera Flora of Central Asia