The Anabar (, in its upper course: Большая Куонамка ''Bolshaya Kuonamka''; ) is a
river
A river is a natural stream of fresh water that flows on land or inside Subterranean river, caves towards another body of water at a lower elevation, such as an ocean, lake, or another river. A river may run dry before reaching the end of ...
in
Sakha,
Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
. It is long ( counting the long Bolshaya Kuonamka ("Big Kuonamka") stretch of its upper course) and has a
drainage basin
A drainage basin is an area of land in which all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, ...
of .
Course
The Anabar is formed at the confluence of the
Malaya Kuonamka
The Malaya Kuonamka (; , ''Kıra Kuonamka'') is a river in Yakutia (Sakha Republic), Russia. It is a right tributary of the Anabar (river), Anabar with a length of . Its drainage basin area is .
The river flows north of the Arctic Circle, in th ...
and
Bolshaya Kuonamka at the edge of the
North Siberian Lowland
The North Siberian Lowland (; ), also known as Taymyr Lowland (), is a plain with a relatively flat relief separating the Byrranga Mountains of the Taymyr Peninsula in the north from the Central Siberian Plateau in the south. To the southeast ...
. The length of the Anabar proper is . The two rivers forming it have their sources in the northeastern part of the
Anabar Plateau, part of the
Central Siberian Plateau
The Central Siberian Plateau (; ) is a vast mountainous area in Siberia, one of the Great Russian Regions.
Geography
The plateau occupies a great part of central Siberia between the Yenisei and Lena rivers. It is located in the Siberian Plat ...
. There are many lakes in its basin.
The Anabar basin is located between rivers
Khatanga and
Olenyok. The mouth of the river is in the
Anabar Bay. Its mean annual discharge is , concentrated heavily in early summer when the ice that covers the river for most of the year thaws.
[ The Uele river flows into the Laptev Sea close to the mouth of the Anabar, but it is not its tributary.]Google Earth
Google Earth is a web mapping, web and computer program created by Google that renders a 3D computer graphics, 3D representation of Earth based primarily on satellite imagery. The program maps the Earth by superimposition, superimposing satelli ...
Tributaries
Its main tributaries are the long Mayat, the long Udya (Удьа), the long Malaya Kuonamka
The Malaya Kuonamka (; , ''Kıra Kuonamka'') is a river in Yakutia (Sakha Republic), Russia. It is a right tributary of the Anabar (river), Anabar with a length of . Its drainage basin area is .
The river flows north of the Arctic Circle, in th ...
("Little Kuonamka") and the long Ebelyakh on the right, as well as the long Suolama, the long Kharabyl and the long Konnies on the left.[Water of Russia - Анабар]
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History
Historically Evenks
The Evenki, also known as the Evenks and formerly as the Tungus, are a Tungusic peoples, Tungusic people of North Asia. In Russia, the Evenki are recognised as one of the Indigenous peoples of the Russian North, indigenous peoples of the Russi ...
have inhabited the basin of the Anabar River. Vasiliy Sychev was the first Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
n to reach the river in 1643.
In present times the basin of the Anabar river is notable as the location of the largest concentration of diamond
Diamond is a Allotropes of carbon, solid form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic. Diamond is tasteless, odourless, strong, brittle solid, colourless in pure form, a poor conductor of e ...
deposits in the world outside of Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surfac ...
and Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...
. These deposits made the Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
into one of the world's largest producers of diamonds, and remain the economic mainstay of the area.
See also
*List of rivers of Russia
Russia can be divided into a European and an Asian part. The dividing line is generally considered to be the Ural Mountains. The European part is drained into the Arctic Ocean, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, and Caspian Sea. The Asian part is drained i ...
References
External links
*
{{Authority control
Rivers of the Sakha Republic
Drainage basins of the Laptev Sea
North Siberian Lowland