Amphitheatre Of El Jem

The Amphitheatre of El Jem () is an oval amphitheatre in the modern-day city of El Djem, Tunisia, formerly Thysdrus in the Roman province of Africa. It is listed by UNESCO since 1979 as a World Heritage Site.

History

The amphitheatre was built around 238 AD in Thysdrus, located in the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis in present-day El Djem, Tunisia. It is one of the best preserved Roman stone ruins in the world, and is unique in Africa. As other amphitheatres in the Roman Empire, it was built for spectator events, and it is one of the biggest amphitheatres in the world. The estimated capacity is 35,000, and the sizes of the big and the small axes are respectively and . The amphitheatre is built of stone blocks, located on a flat ground, and is exceptionally well conserved.

The amphitheatre of El Jem is the third amphitheatre built on the same place. The belief is that it was constructed by the local proconsul Gordian, who became emperor as Gordian II. However, no proconsul would have been in a position to commission such a building; furthermore, considering how brief Gordian II's "reign" was to be (a mere few weeks), it is surely impossible that he could have begun such a magnificent construction. What seems much more likely is that the young Gordian III was in fact born at Thysdrus, on his grandfather Gordian I's estates, and that as Emperor he intended the amphitheatre to be part of an embellishment of his home town, following in fact the example of Septimius Severus. After his death, his successors had neither reason nor inclination to complete these public works, so the amphitheatre remained unfinished. In the Middle Ages, it served as a fortress, and the population sought shelter here during the attacks of Vandals in 430 and Arabs in 647. In 1695, during the Revolutions of Tunis, Mohamed Bey El Mouradi made an opening in one of the walls to stop the resistance of the followers of his brother Ali Bey al-Muradi who gathered inside the amphitheater.

It is believed that the amphitheatre was used as a saltpetre manufacture in the end of the 18th and in the 19th century. Around 1850, the breach in the wall was enlarged by Ahmad I ibn Mustafa to approximately . In the second half of the 19th century, the structure was used for shops, dwellings, and grain storage.

References in popular culture

It was featured in films such as'' Monty Python's Life of Brian'' and the television travel series '' Long Way Down.''

American sportswear company Nike used this location in 1996 to shoot a television commercial titled "Good vs Evil", which depicts a gladiatorial-style soccer game set in a Roman amphitheatre. Football players from around the world, including Eric Cantona, Ronaldo, Paolo Maldini, Luís Figo, Patrick Kluivert and Jorge Campos defend " the beautiful game" against a team of unsportsmanlike demonic warriors, which ends with Cantona receiving the ball from Ronaldo, pulling up his shirt collar as was his trademark, and delivering the final line, "Au Revoir", before striking the ball which punches right through the demon goalkeeper.

The fourth episode of '' The Amazing Race 1'' concluded at the amphitheatre.

Gallery

File:El Jem in 1833, in Recherches sur l'emplacement de Carthage (5 planches qui accompagnent l'ouvrage) - par C. T. Falbe - btv1b8495511m (3 of 5) (cropped).jpg, 1833 sketch
File:El Djem Amphitheater aerial view.jpg, Aerial view (1986)
Anfiteatro, El Jem, Túnez, 2016-09-04, DD 09.jpg, Exterior
File:Vue d'ensemble de l'amphithéâtre.jpg, Cavea
File:Anfiteatro, El Jem, Túnez, 2016-09-04, DD 22.jpg, Arena
File:Anfiteatro, El Jem, Túnez, 2016-09-04, DD 38-40 HDR.jpg, Hypogeum (basement)
File:Amphithéâtre d'El Jem.jpg, Closing concert of the 2013 Festival international de musique symphonique d'El Jem

See also

* List of Roman amphitheatres

References

External links

{{World Heritage Sites in Tunisia

World Heritage Sites in Tunisia
Roman amphitheaters in North Africa
Ruins in Tunisia
Round buildings
238
Buildings and structures completed in the 3rd century
Ancient Roman buildings and structures in Tunisia