Kawahíva (Kawahíb, Kagwahib) is a Tupi–Guarani

dialect cluster A dialect is a variety of language spoken by a particular group of people. This may include dominant and standardized varieties as well as vernacular, unwritten, or non-standardized varieties, such as those used in developing countries or iso ...

Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...

. The major variety is Tenharim. The Tenharim (self-designation, Pyri 'near, together'),

Parintintín The Parintintin are an indigenous people who live in Brazil in the Madeira river, Madeira River basin. They refer to themselves as Cabahyba, Kagwahiva’nga, or Kagwahiva, which translates to "our people." As of 2010, the Parintintin have a popul ...

, Jiahúi, Amondawa,

Karipúna Karipuna or Caripuná may refer to: * Jau-Navo language, or Chakobo (Panoan): the original Karipuna of Guaporé in Rondônia, Brazil; one of two assigned ISO code uq*Kawahib language (Tupian): the more recently labeled Karipuna of Guaporé in Ro ...

(not to be confused with neither the Panoan group, nor the Carib-based creole spoken in the state of Amapá, which all have the same name), Uru-eu-wau-wau (self-designation, Jupaú),

Júma The Júma are an Indigenous people of Brazil, who live in the Terra Indígena Juma in the Amazonas, along the Mucuim River, a tributary of Rio Açuã. Name The Júma are also known as Kagwahibm, Kagwahiph, Kagwahiv, Kavahiva, Kawahip, Kawa ...

, Piripkúra, and Capivarí all call themselves ''Kawahíva''. Their speech is mutually intelligible, and also similar with other languages now extinct. The closest Tupí-Guaraní language seems to be Apiaká, spoken in Mato Grosso.

Varieties

There are different internal classifications of the pan-Kawahíwa, which differ in, e.g., whether Kayabí and Apiaká should be included as part of the dialectal cluster. The one listed in Aguilar (2013, 2018) follows: *Kawahíwa **Northern *** *** *** *** Juma **Southern ***Jupaú ( Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau) *** *** *** Apiaká ***

Kayabí The Kayabí or Kaiabi are an Indigenous people of Brazil, indigenous people of Brazil inhabiting the northern state of Mato Grosso. They primarily live in the Xingu Indigenous Park and the Indian Reservation of Apiaká-Kayabi south of Pará. T ...

(Kawaiwete) *** ***isolated groups Languages spoken in north-central

Rondônia Rondônia () is one of the 26 states of Brazil, located in the northern subdivision of the country (central-western part). It is bordered by Acre (state), Acre in the west, Amazonas, Brazil, Amazonas in the north, Mato Grosso in the east, and Bo ...

are Karipúna, Uru-eu-wau-wau (Jupaú), Amondawa, and unidentified varieties by some isolated groups. Languages spoken in northeastern

Mato Grosso Mato Grosso ( – ) is one of the states of Brazil, the List of Brazilian states by area, third largest by area, located in the Central-West Region, Brazil, Central-West region. The state has 1.66% of the Brazilian population and is responsible ...

and southern

Pará Pará () is a Federative units of Brazil, state of Brazil, located in northern Brazil and traversed by the lower Amazon River. It borders the Brazilian states of Amapá, Maranhão, Tocantins (state), Tocantins, Mato Grosso, Amazonas (Brazilian st ...

are Apiaká, Kayabí, Piripkúra, and unidentified varieties by some isolated groups.

Phonology

Tenharim dialect

Phonemic inventory of the Tenharim/Uruewawau dialect: * /a, ã/ are heard as �, ə̃in unstressed syllables. * /ɲ/ can be heard as when in unstressed positions. * /β/ can also be heard as in the Uruewawau dialect.

Júma dialect

Phonemic inventory of the Júma dialect:

References

External links