Amguema
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Amguema (; Chukchi: , ''Oʼmvaam'') is a
village A village is a human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town with a population typically ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Although villages are often located in rural areas, the term urban v ...
('' selo'') in
Iultinsky District Iultinsky District (; Chukchi language, Chukchi: , ''Ivyltin rajon'') is an administrativeLaw #33-OZ and municipalLaw #149-OZ district (raion), one of the administrative divisions of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, six in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Ru ...
of
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Chukotka ( ; ), officially the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, is the easternmost federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia. It is an Autonomous okrugs of Russia, autonomous okrug situated in the Russian Far East, and shares a border wi ...
, in the
Far Eastern The Far East is the geographical region that encompasses the easternmost portion of the Asian continent, including North, East and Southeast Asia. South Asia is sometimes also included in the definition of the term. In modern times, the term ''F ...
Federal District A federal district is a specific administrative division in one of various federations. These districts may be under the direct jurisdiction of a federation's national government, as in the case of federal territory (e.g., India, Malaysia), or the ...
of
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
. Population: the village is based on the
Iultin Iultin (; Chukchi language, Chukchi: ) was an urban-type settlement in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, part of the Far Eastern Federal District, Far Eastern federal districts of Russia, Federal District of Russia. As of 2010 the area is uninhabited. At ...
- Egvekinot road, one of the few significant roads in the Okrug. Reindeer herding is the most significant economic activity in the village. Municipally, Amguema is subordinated to Iultinsky Municipal District and incorporated as Amguema Rural Settlement.


Demographics

The most recent census figures show a population of 531, of which 279 are men and 252 women. The village is a traditional Chukchi settlement, in which most of the citizens are reindeer herders,Strogoff, p.126 taking advantage of the pasture present around the river Amguema ( Chukchi: ). It is the only native settlement in the district to have a stable economy, thanks in part to the available land. The population as of 2006 was 570, up slightly on the 2003 estimate of 548,Red Cross Chukotka – Iultinsky District
(Archived)
of whom 387 were indigenous peoples and of those 379 of them were Chukchi.


Culture

In August, the village is the host of the festival (lit. young reindeer festival), during which time, a slaughter occurs so that the residents may have sufficient skins for clothing for the forthcoming winter. At the end of the festival, the women of the village produce a dish called , boiled reindeer stomachs, complete with their undigested final meal to which venison, blood and onions are added and is said to resemble goulash when cooked. As with many of the settlements in Chukotka, there are neolithic remains to be found in the area surrounding the village.


Economy

The inhabitants of Amguema survive almost entirely through reindeer husbandryVaté, p.48 and the
Sovkhoz A sovkhoz ( rus, совхо́з, p=sɐfˈxos, a=ru-sovkhoz.ogg, syllabic abbreviation, abbreviated from , ''sovetskoye khozyaystvo''; ) was a form of state-owned farm or agricultural enterprise in the Soviet Union. It is usually contrasted w ...
, with 11,166 head, is thought to have the second-largest number of reindeer in the whole Okrug, looked after by six brigades, the structure a remnant of the Soviet era.Vaté, p.47 Each brigade is responsible for between 760 and 3710 reindeer. In an area where land-based transport is scarce, the village is fortunate to be connected to one of the few roads, being situated about halfway along the paved road that runs from Egvekinot in the south, to the former mining village of Iultin, on the 91st kilometer. The majority of the population are reindeer herders, with 84 people working on the tundra in 2003. Beyond the comparative ease with which inhabitants of Amguema can reach the outside world, the village has also been a major beneficiary of the money spent on the region by the former governor,
Roman Abramovich Roman Arkadyevich Abramovich (born 24 October 1966) is a business oligarch and politician. He is the former owner of Chelsea F.C., Chelsea, a Premier League football club in London, England, and is the primary owner of the private investment com ...
. The village has a boarding school for all ages, which is a rarity in the region, and the village serves as an educational hub for the surrounding villages whose schools do not cover all age groups. As well as the school, Abramovich funded the construction of 46 new homes, at a cost of nearly $2.5 million, with hot water and indoor facilities, as well as a guesthouse, barbers and
banya Banya may refer to: Places Australia * Banya, Queensland, a locality in the Sunshine Coast Region, Queensland, Australia Bulgaria * Banya, Blagoevgrad Province, a thermal spa and mountain resort in southwest Bulgaria * Banya, Burgas P ...
. There is also a food store, a post-office, a daycare center and a bakery. The school in Amguema is a boarding school and is used to educate not only the children from village but also other children from Nutepelmen and Vankarem, who are sent there when they are seven or eight.


Transport

Amguema is situated on the Iultin-Egvekinot road, one of the few permanent roads in Chukotka. Within the village, there is also a small road network including:Pochtovik Mail Delivery Service
Iultinsky District
*улица Восточный (, lit. ''East Street'') *улица Западный (, lit. ''West Street'') *улица Магистральная (, lit. ''Trunk Street'') *улица Набережная (, lit. ''Quay Street'') *улица Северная (, lit. ''North Street'') *улица Центральная (, lit. ''Central Street'')


Amguema in Russian Naval history

A class of polar cargo ships was first developed in 1962 and named Anguema after the village. This was the first new class of ULA (the Russian abbreviation for "strengthened for arctic ice"Horensma, p.123) a continuation of the ''Lena'' class of icebreaker to all intents and purposes, and was felt to have a hull shape far superior to any type of ice breaker constructed to that date. The first of this class of ship named after the village, a polar cargo ship, was among a number of Russian cargo ships and ice-breakers stuck in ice at Kosa Dvukh Pilotov in 1983 on a journey from
Magadan Magadan ( rus, Магадан, p=məɡɐˈdan) is a Port of Magadan, port types of inhabited localities in Russia, town and the administrative centre of Magadan Oblast, Russia. The city is located on the isthmus of the Staritsky Peninsula by the ...
to Mys Shmidta, when the winter sea ice formed significantly earlier than usual.


Climate

Amguema, similarly to Egvekinot, has a transitional polar tundra/
subarctic climate The subarctic climate (also called subpolar climate, or boreal climate) is a continental climate with long, cold (often very cold) winters, and short, warm to cool summers. It is found on large landmasses, often away from the moderating effects of ...
(''Dfc/ET'')McKnight and Hess, pp.235–7 with bitterly cold, very long winters and very short, cool summers.


See also

* List of inhabited localities in Iultinsky District


References


Notes


Sources

*W. K. Dallmann
Indigenous Peoples of the north of the Russian Federation
Map 3.6, ''Chukotskiy Avtonomyy Okrug''. 1997. * * * *M. Horensm
''The Soviet Arctic''
(1991). Routledge. *M. Strogoff, P–C Brochet, and D. Auzia
''Petit Futé: Chukotka''
(2006). "Avant-Garde" Publishing House. *V. Vat
Maintaining Cohesion Through Rituals: Chukchi Herders and Hunters, a People of the Siberian Arctic
(2005) in ''Senri Ethnological Studies 69: pp.45–68 Pastoralists and Their Neighbors in Asia and Africa.'' Eds. K. Ikeya and E. Fratkin.


External links


Amguema photo gallery
{{Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Rural localities in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Populated places of Arctic Russia