''Amazophrynella'' is a genus of toads in the family
Bufonidae {{Cat main, Toad
This category
Category, plural categories, may refer to:
General uses
*Classification, the general act of allocating things to classes/categories Philosophy
* Category of being
* ''Categories'' (Aristotle)
* Category (Kant)
* C ...
.
[ They are found throughout the ]Amazon Basin
The Amazon basin is the part of South America drained by the Amazon River and its tributary, tributaries. The Amazon drainage basin covers an area of about , or about 35.5 percent of the South American continent. It is located in the countries ...
.[
]
Description
Species of the genus ''Amazophrynella'' are small toads measuring in snout–vent length. The hind limbs are well developed. The parotoid gland
The parotoid gland (alternatively, paratoid gland) is an external skin gland on the back, neck, and shoulder of some frogs (especially toads), and salamanders. It can secrete a number of milky alkaloid substances (depending on the species) known ...
s are absent, as are vocal slits and tympana. The skin is uniformly and finely granulose. Dorsal coloration is cryptic.phytotelmata
Phytotelma (plural phytotelmata) is a small water-filled cavity in a terrestrial plant. The water accumulated within these plants may serve as the habitat for associated fauna and flora.
A rich literature in German summarised by Thienemann (19 ...
).
Taxonomy
''Amazophrynella'' was separated from ''Dendrophryniscus
''Dendrophryniscus'' is a genus of Bufonidae, true toads in the family Bufonidae, sometimes known as tree toads. They are endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil.
Taxonomy
Until 2012, the genus ''Dendrophryniscus'' included the species now sepa ...
'' in 2012 based on molecular genetic evidence that indicated deep divergence between an Amazonian and an Atlantic Forest clade
In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach t ...
, the latter retaining the name ''Dendrophryniscus'' whereas the former was described as a new genus ''Amazonella'',homonymy
In linguistics, homonyms are words which are either; ''homographs''—words that mean different things, but have the same spelling (regardless of pronunciation), or ''homophones''—words that mean different things, but have the same pronunciatio ...
.[ The analysis suggested that ''Amazophrynella'' is the ]sister taxon
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree.
Definition
The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram:
Taxon A and ...
of ''Dendrophryniscus'', but a later study has suggested a more distant relationship.[
]
Species
The following species are recognized in the genus ''Amazophrynella'':[
]
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2591898
Amphibian genera
Amphibians of South America