The Amami thrush (''Zoothera major'') is a member of the
thrush family Turdidae. It is endemic to the islands of
Amami Ōshima
, also known as Amami, is the largest island in the Amami Islands, Amami archipelago between Kyūshū and Okinawa Prefecture, Okinawa. It is one of the Satsunan Islands, all of which belong to Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.
The island, 712.35 ...
and Kakeroma island in the northern
Nansei Islands
The , also known as the or the , are a chain of Japanese islands that stretch southwest from Kyushu to Taiwan: the Ryukyu Islands are divided into the Satsunan Islands ( Ōsumi, Tokara and Amami) and Okinawa Prefecture ( Daitō, Miyako, Y ...
of Japan.
Description
This large, heavily patterned thrush is similar in appearance to the
scaly thrush
The scaly thrush (''Zoothera dauma'') is a member of the thrush family Turdidae.
Distribution and habitat
It breeds in wet coniferous taiga, mainly in the Himalayas through Malaysia.
Description
The sexes are similar, 27–31 cm long, wi ...
, to which was considered a subspecies. It has warm olive-brown to buff upperparts and whitish underparts with heavy black scaling. It has twelve tail
feather
Feathers are epidermal growths that form a distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on both avian (bird) and some non-avian dinosaurs and other archosaurs. They are the most complex integumentary structures found in vertebrates and an exa ...
s. The scaly thrush is smaller and has fourteen tail feathers. It has a cheerful song similar to the
Siberian thrush. The Amami thrush ranges in length from and weighs approximately . Among standard measurements, the
wing chord is , the
bill is and the
tarsus is .
[Peter Clement (2001) ''Thrushes''. Princeton University Press. ]
Behaviour and ecology
Its breeding
habitat
In ecology, habitat refers to the array of resources, biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species. A species' habitat can be seen as the physical manifestation of its ...
is mature subtropical broadleaved
evergreen
In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has Leaf, foliage that remains green and functional throughout the year. This contrasts with deciduous plants, which lose their foliage completely during the winter or dry season. Consisting of many diffe ...
forest around humid valleys. Its diet includes
invertebrate
Invertebrates are animals that neither develop nor retain a vertebral column (commonly known as a ''spine'' or ''backbone''), which evolved from the notochord. It is a paraphyletic grouping including all animals excluding the chordata, chordate s ...
s and
fruit
In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants (angiosperms) that is formed from the ovary after flowering.
Fruits are the means by which angiosperms disseminate their seeds. Edible fruits in particular have long propaga ...
. It breeds in May and June, laying 3-4
egg
An egg is an organic vessel grown by an animal to carry a possibly fertilized egg cell (a zygote) and to incubate from it an embryo within the egg until the embryo has become an animal fetus that can survive on its own, at which point the ...
s.
Status
The breeding population is estimated by Amami Ornithologists' Club (NPO, Japan) all over the island every late March since 1999.
References
External links
BirdLife Species Factsheet
Birds described in 1905
Birds of the Ryukyu Islands
Endemic birds of Japan
Zoothera
{{Turdidae-stub