Alysiinae

The Alysiinae are a subfamily of braconid parasitoid wasps with over 1000 described species. Several species have been used in biocontrol programs. They are closely related to the Opiinae.

Description and distribution

Alysiinae are small wasps, usually under 5 mm long and black or brown in color. Their mandibles are exodont, opening outwards and not overlapping. This characteristic is essentially unique among braconids, with only a few rare exceptions (e.g., the genus '' Exodontiella'' in the subfamily Gnamptodontinae).

Alysiinae are found worldwide. They are "frequently seen whereever decaying organic matter occurs."

Biology

Alysiinae are koinobiont endoparasitoids of Cyclorrhapha Diptera. Females oviposit into host eggs or larvae. The host is allowed to develop until it forms a puparium, at which point it is killed by the wasp larva. The Alysiinae larva then pupates within the host puparium. Adults use their exodont mandibles to break free of the tough host puparium. Most species of Alysiinae are solitary, but a few are gregarious and lay multiple eggs within one host.

Genera

These genera belong to the subfamily Alysiinae:

* '' Adelurola'' Strand, 1928
* '' Alloea'' Haliday, 1833 ^{c g}
* ''Alysia'' Latreille, 1804 ^{i c g b}
* '' Alysiasta'' Wharton, 1980 ^{c g b}
* '' Angelovia'' Zaykov, 1980 ^{c g}
* '' Aphaereta'' Förster, 1862 ^{c g b}
* '' Apronopa'' van Achterberg, 1980 ^{c g}
* '' Aristelix'' Nixon, 1943 ^{c g}
* ''Asobara'' Förster, 1862 ^{i c g b}
* '' Aspilota'' Foerster, 1863
* '' Asyntactus'' Marshall, 1896 ^{c g}
* '' Carinthilota'' Fischer, 1975 ^{c g}
* '' Chasmodon'' Haliday, 1838 ^{c g b}
* '' Chorebus'' Haliday, 1833 ^{i c g b}
* '' Coelinidea'' Viereck, 1913 ^{c g}
* '' Coelinius'' Nees von Esenbeck, 1818 ^{c g b} (coelinius nees)
* '' Coloneura' Foerster, 1863
* '' Cratospila'' Förster, 1862 ^{c g}
* '' Dacnusa'' Haliday, 1833
* '' Dapsilarthra'' Förster, 1862 ^{c g b}
* '' Dinotrema'' Förster, 1862 ^{c g b}
* '' Epimicta'' Foerster, 1863
* '' Eucoelinidea'' Tobias, 1971 ^{c g}
* '' Eudinostigma'' Tobias, 1986 ^{c g}
* '' Exotela'' Foerster, 1863
* '' Grammospila'' Foerster, 1863
* ''Grandia'' Goidanich, 1936 ^{c g}
* '' Heterolexis'' Thomson, 1895
* '' Idiasta'' Foerster, 1863 ^{c g}
* '' Lodbrokia'' Hedqvist, 1962 ^{c g}
* '' Mesocrina'' Förster, 1862 ^{c g b}
* '' Oenonogastra'' Ashmead, 1900 ^{c g b}
* '' Orthostigma'' Ratzeburg, 1844 ^{c g b}
* '' Panerema'' Förster, 1862 ^{c g}
* '' Pentapleura'' Förster, 1862 ^{c g b}
* '' Phaenocarpa'' Förster, 1862 ^{i c g b}
* '' Phasmalysia'' Tobias, 1971 ^{c g}
* '' Polemochartus'' Shulz, 1911
* '' Protochorebus'' Perepetchayenko, 1997 ^{c g}
* '' Protodacnusa'' Griffiths, 1964 ^{c g}
* '' Pseudopezomachus'' Mantero, 1905 ^{c g}
* '' Pterusa'' Fischer, 1958 ^{c g}
* '' Regetus'' Papp, 1999 ^{c g}
* '' Sarops'' Nixon, 1942 ^{c g}
* '' Symphanes'' Förster, 1862 ^{c g}
* '' Synaldis'' Förster, 1862 ^{c g}
* '' Syncrasis'' Förster, 1862 ^{c g}
* '' Tanycarpa'' Förster, 1862 ^{c g}
* '' Tates'' Nixon, 1943 ^{c g}
* '' Terebrebus'' Tobias, 1999 ^{c g}
* '' Trachionus'' Haliday, 1833 ^{c g b}
* '' Trachyusa'' Ruthe, 1854 ^{c g}

Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net

References

External links

Photographs at BugGuide.net

DNA barcodes at BOLD systems

{{Taxonbar, from=Q1949305

Braconidae
Hymenoptera subfamilies