''Alycaeus'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of small
land snail
A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have gastropod shell, shel ...
s with a
gill
A gill () is a respiration organ, respiratory organ that many aquatic ecosystem, aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs, have adapted to allow r ...
and an
operculum,
terrestrial
Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth, as opposed to extraterrestrial.
Terrestrial may also refer to:
* Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on o ...
gastropod
Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...
mollusk
Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...
s in the family
Alycaeidae
Alycaeidae is a taxonomic family of small to large tropical land snails with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusk
Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). ...
.
[MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Alycaeus Gray, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=996197 on 2020-05-12]
Description
(Original description) The
operculum is horny with multiple
whorl
A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs).
In nature
File:Photograph and axial plane floral diagra ...
s. The conical shell has a regular
spire
A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spire ...
. The
body whorl
The body whorl is part of the morphology (biology), morphology of the gastropod shell, shell in those gastropod mollusks that possess a coiled shell. The term is also sometimes used in a similar way to describe the shell of a cephalopod mollusk ...
is distorted and compressed and significantly contracted before the
aperture
In optics, the aperture of an optical system (including a system consisting of a single lens) is the hole or opening that primarily limits light propagated through the system. More specifically, the entrance pupil as the front side image o ...
. The aperture is circular, with a regularly reflexed
peristome
Peristome (from the Greek language, Greek ''peri'', meaning 'around' or 'about', and ''stoma'', 'mouth') is an anatomical feature that surrounds an opening to an organ or structure. Some plants, fungi, and shelled gastropods have peristomes.
In mo ...
.
The
protoconch
A protoconch (meaning first or earliest or original shell) is an embryonic or larval shell which occurs in some classes of molluscs, e.g., the initial chamber of an ammonite or the larval shell of a gastropod. In older texts it is also called " ...
sculpture is smooth to obliquely striated. The diameter of the shell varies between 8 mm and 15 mm. The central tooth of the
radula
The radula (; : radulae or radulas) is an anatomical structure used by mollusks for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food enters ...
consists of five broad cusps with the central cusp blunt.
[ source-attribution)]
Distribution
There are nine recognized species of ''Alycaeus'' in Peninsular
Malaysia
Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. Featuring the Tanjung Piai, southernmost point of continental Eurasia, it is a federation, federal constitutional monarchy consisting of States and federal territories of Malaysia, 13 states and thre ...
.
Species
Species within the genus ''Alycaeus'' include:
* ''
Alycaeus conformis
''Alycaeus conformis'' is a species of small land snails with a gill and an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Alycaeidae.
Description
The length of the shell attains 10 mm, its diameter 8.5 mm.
(Original description) The ...
''
Fulton, 1902
* ''
Alycaeus eydouxi
''Alycaeus eydouxi'' is a species of small land snails with a gill and an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Alycaeidae.
Description
Protoconch matte, without spiral lines. The region from the beginning of the teleoconch t ...
''
Venmans, 1956
* ''
Alycaeus gibbosulus''
Stoliczka, 1872
* ''
Alycaeus goliath
''Alycaeus goliath'' is a species of small land snails with a gill and an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Alycaeidae.
Description
The length of the shell attains 13.9 mm.
Distribution
This species occurs in central La ...
''
Páll-Gergely, 2023
* ''
Alycaeus himalayae
''Alycaeus himalayae'' is a species of small land snails with a gill and an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Alycaeidae.
Description
The length of the shell attains 7.4 mm.
Distribution
This species occurs in Arunachal ...
''
Aravind & Páll-Gergely, 2023
* ''
Alycaeus jousseaumei''
Morgan, 1885
* ''
Alycaeus pyramidalis
''Alycaeus pyramidalis'' is a species of small land snails with a gill and an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Alycaeidae.
Description
The length of the shell attains 10 mm, its diameter 12 mm.
The protoconch has no par ...
''
W. H. Benson, 1856
* ''
Alycaeus rolfbrandti
''Alycaeus rolfbrandti'' is a species of small land snails with a gill and an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Alycaeidae.
Description
The protoconch of ''Alycaeus rolfbrandti'' (a species otherwise similar to the type s ...
''
Maassen, 2006
* ''
Alycaeus somwangi
''Alycaeus somwangi'' is a species of small land snails with a gill and an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Alycaeidae.
Description
The width of the shell attains 11 mm.
The protoconch has no spiral striae. The lower pa ...
''
Dumrongrojwattana & Maassen, 2008
;Taxon inquirendum:
* ''Alycaeus huberi''
Thach, 2018 (uncertain: debated synonym)
;Synonyms:
* ''Alycaeus alticola'' Foon & Liew, 2017:
synonym of ''Stomacosmethis kapayanensis alticola''
(Foon & T.-S. Liew, 2017) (basionym)
* ''Alycaeus altispirus''
Möllendorff, 1902:
synonym of ''
Stomacosmethis altispirus''
(Möllendorff, 1902) (unaccepted combination)
* ''Alycaeus balingensis''
Tomlin, 1948:
synonym of ''
Stomacosmethis balingensis
''Stomacosmethis balingensis'' is a species of land snail with a gill and an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusc in the Alycaeidae family. MolluscaBase eds. (2024). MolluscaBase. Stomacosmethis balingensis (Tomlin, 1948). Accessed throug ...
''
(Tomlin, 1948) (basionym)
* ''Alycaeus carinata''
Maassen, 2006:
synonym of ''
Stomacosmethis carinatus''
(Maassen, 2006) (wrong gender agreement of specific epithet)
*''Alycaeus charasensis''
Foon & Liew, 2017:
synonym of ''Stomacosmethis kapayanensis charasensis''
(Foon & T.-S. Liew, 2017) (basionym)
*''Alycaeus clementsi''
Foon & Liew, 2017:
synonym of ''Stomacosmethis kelantanensis clementsi''
(Foon & T.-S. Liew, 2017) (basionym)
* ''Alycaeus (Dioryx) compactus''
Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1900: synonym of ''
Dioryx compactus''
(Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1900) (original combination)
*''Alycaeus costacrassa''
Foon & Liew, 2017:
synonym of ''Stomacosmethis kapayanensis costacrassa''
(Foon & T.-S. Liew, 2017) (basionym)
*''Alycaeus expansus''
Foon & Liew, 2017:
synonym of ''Stomacosmethis kelantanensis expansus''
(Foon & T.-S. Liew, 2017) (basionym)
* ''Alycaeus galbanus''
Godwin-Austen, 1889: synonym of ''
Stomacosmethis galbanus''
(Godwin-Austen, 1889) (original combination)
* ''Alycaeus globosus''
Adams, 1870: synonym of ''
Pincerna globosus
''Pincerna'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails in the family Alycaeidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Pincerna Preston, 1907. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails& ...
''
(H. Adams, 1871)
* ''Alycaeus hosei''
Godwin-Austen, 1889: synonym of ''
Stomacosmethis hosei''
(Godwin-Austen, 1889)
*''[lycaeus ikanensis''
Foon & Liew, 2017:
synonym of S''tomacosmethis kapayanensis ikanensis''
(Foon & T.-S. Liew, 2017)
* ''Alycaeus kapayanensis''
Morgan, 1885:
synonym of ''Stomacosmethis kapayanensis''
(de Morgan, 1885)
* ''Alycaeus kelantanensis''
Sykes, 1902:
synonym of ''Stomacosmethis kelantanensis''
(Sykes, 1902)
*''Alycaeus kurauensis''
Foon & Liew, 2017:
synonym of ''Stomacosmethis kapayanensis kurauensis''
(Foon & T.-S. Liew, 2017)
* ''Alycaeus liratulus''
Preston, 1907:
synonym of ''
Pincerna liratulus
''Pincerna'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails in the family Alycaeidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Pincerna Preston, 1907. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails& ...
''
(Preston, 1907)
* ''Alycaeus perakensis''
Crosse, 1879:
synonym of ''
Stomacosmethis perakensis''
(Crosse, 1879)
*''Alycaeus regalis''
Foon & Liew, 2017:
synonym of ''
Stomacosmethis regalis''
(Foon & T.-S. Liew, 2017)
* ''Alycaues roebeleni''
Möllendorff, 1894:
synonym of ''
Stomacosmethis roebeleni''
(Möllendorff, 1894)
*''Alycaeus selangoriensis''
Foon & Liew, 2017:
synonym of ''Stomacosmethis kapayanensis selangoriensis''
(Foon & T.-S. Liew, 2017)
*''Alycaeus senyumensis''
Foon & Liew, 2017:
synonym of ''
Stomacosmethis senyumensis''
(Foon & T.-S. Liew, 2017)
* ''Alycaeus thieroti''
Morgan, 1885:
synonym of ''
Pincerna thieroti
''Pincerna'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails in the family Alycaeidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Pincerna Preston, 1907. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails& ...
''
(de Morgan, 1885)
*''Alycaeus virgogravida''
Foon & Liew, 2017:
synonym of ''Stomacosmethis kapayanensis virgogravida''
(Foon & T.-S. Liew, 2017)
References
Cyclophoridae
Gastropod genera
{{Cyclophoridae-stub
vi:Alycaeus balingensis