''Alycaeus'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of small
land snail
A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have gastropod shell, shel ...
s with a
gill
A gill () is a respiration organ, respiratory organ that many aquatic ecosystem, aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs, have adapted to allow r ...
and an
operculum,
terrestrial gastropod
Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...
mollusk
Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...
s in the family
Alycaeidae
Alycaeidae is a taxonomic family of small to large tropical land snails with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusk
Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). ...
.
[MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Alycaeus Gray, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=996197 on 2020-05-12]
Description
(Original description) The
operculum is horny with multiple
whorl
A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs).
In nature
File:Photograph and axial plane floral diagra ...
s. The conical shell has a regular
spire. The
body whorl
The body whorl is part of the morphology (biology), morphology of the gastropod shell, shell in those gastropod mollusks that possess a coiled shell. The term is also sometimes used in a similar way to describe the shell of a cephalopod mollusk ...
is distorted and compressed and significantly contracted before the
aperture
In optics, the aperture of an optical system (including a system consisting of a single lens) is the hole or opening that primarily limits light propagated through the system. More specifically, the entrance pupil as the front side image o ...
. The aperture is circular, with a regularly reflexed
peristome
Peristome (from the Greek language, Greek ''peri'', meaning 'around' or 'about', and ''stoma'', 'mouth') is an anatomical feature that surrounds an opening to an organ or structure. Some plants, fungi, and shelled gastropods have peristomes.
In mo ...
.
The
protoconch sculpture is smooth to obliquely striated. The diameter of the shell varies between 8 mm and 15 mm. The central tooth of the
radula
The radula (; : radulae or radulas) is an anatomical structure used by mollusks for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food enters ...
consists of five broad cusps with the central cusp blunt.
[ source-attribution)]
Distribution
There are nine recognized species of ''Alycaeus'' in Peninsular
Malaysia
Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. Featuring the Tanjung Piai, southernmost point of continental Eurasia, it is a federation, federal constitutional monarchy consisting of States and federal territories of Malaysia, 13 states and thre ...
.
Species
Species within the genus ''Alycaeus'' include:
* ''
Alycaeus conformis''
Fulton, 1902
* ''
Alycaeus eydouxi''
Venmans, 1956
* ''
Alycaeus gibbosulus''
Stoliczka, 1872
* ''
Alycaeus goliath''
Páll-Gergely, 2023
* ''
Alycaeus himalayae''
Aravind & Páll-Gergely, 2023
* ''
Alycaeus jousseaumei''
Morgan, 1885
* ''
Alycaeus pyramidalis''
W. H. Benson, 1856
* ''
Alycaeus rolfbrandti''
Maassen, 2006
* ''
Alycaeus somwangi''
Dumrongrojwattana & Maassen, 2008
;Taxon inquirendum:
* ''Alycaeus huberi''
Thach, 2018 (uncertain: debated synonym)
;Synonyms:
* ''Alycaeus alticola'' Foon & Liew, 2017:
synonym of ''Stomacosmethis kapayanensis alticola''
(Foon & T.-S. Liew, 2017) (basionym)
* ''Alycaeus altispirus''
Möllendorff, 1902:
synonym of ''
Stomacosmethis altispirus''
(Möllendorff, 1902) (unaccepted combination)
* ''Alycaeus balingensis''
Tomlin, 1948:
synonym of ''
Stomacosmethis balingensis''
(Tomlin, 1948) (basionym)
* ''Alycaeus carinata''
Maassen, 2006:
synonym of ''
Stomacosmethis carinatus''
(Maassen, 2006) (wrong gender agreement of specific epithet)
*''Alycaeus charasensis''
Foon & Liew, 2017:
synonym of ''Stomacosmethis kapayanensis charasensis''
(Foon & T.-S. Liew, 2017) (basionym)
*''Alycaeus clementsi''
Foon & Liew, 2017:
synonym of ''Stomacosmethis kelantanensis clementsi''
(Foon & T.-S. Liew, 2017) (basionym)
* ''Alycaeus (Dioryx) compactus''
Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1900: synonym of ''
Dioryx compactus''
(Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1900) (original combination)
*''Alycaeus costacrassa''
Foon & Liew, 2017:
synonym of ''Stomacosmethis kapayanensis costacrassa''
(Foon & T.-S. Liew, 2017) (basionym)
*''Alycaeus expansus''
Foon & Liew, 2017:
synonym of ''Stomacosmethis kelantanensis expansus''
(Foon & T.-S. Liew, 2017) (basionym)
* ''Alycaeus galbanus''
Godwin-Austen, 1889: synonym of ''
Stomacosmethis galbanus''
(Godwin-Austen, 1889) (original combination)
* ''Alycaeus globosus''
Adams, 1870: synonym of ''
Pincerna globosus''
(H. Adams, 1871)
* ''Alycaeus hosei''
Godwin-Austen, 1889: synonym of ''
Stomacosmethis hosei''
(Godwin-Austen, 1889)
*''[lycaeus ikanensis''
Foon & Liew, 2017:
synonym of S''tomacosmethis kapayanensis ikanensis''
(Foon & T.-S. Liew, 2017)
* ''Alycaeus kapayanensis''
Morgan, 1885:
synonym of ''Stomacosmethis kapayanensis''
(de Morgan, 1885)
* ''Alycaeus kelantanensis''
Sykes, 1902:
synonym of ''Stomacosmethis kelantanensis''
(Sykes, 1902)
*''Alycaeus kurauensis''
Foon & Liew, 2017:
synonym of ''Stomacosmethis kapayanensis kurauensis''
(Foon & T.-S. Liew, 2017)
* ''Alycaeus liratulus''
Preston, 1907:
synonym of ''
Pincerna liratulus''
(Preston, 1907)
* ''Alycaeus perakensis''
Crosse, 1879:
synonym of ''
Stomacosmethis perakensis''
(Crosse, 1879)
*''Alycaeus regalis''
Foon & Liew, 2017:
synonym of ''
Stomacosmethis regalis''
(Foon & T.-S. Liew, 2017)
* ''Alycaues roebeleni''
Möllendorff, 1894:
synonym of ''
Stomacosmethis roebeleni''
(Möllendorff, 1894)
*''Alycaeus selangoriensis''
Foon & Liew, 2017:
synonym of ''Stomacosmethis kapayanensis selangoriensis''
(Foon & T.-S. Liew, 2017)
*''Alycaeus senyumensis''
Foon & Liew, 2017:
synonym of ''
Stomacosmethis senyumensis''
(Foon & T.-S. Liew, 2017)
* ''Alycaeus thieroti''
Morgan, 1885:
synonym of ''
Pincerna thieroti''
(de Morgan, 1885)
*''Alycaeus virgogravida''
Foon & Liew, 2017:
synonym of ''Stomacosmethis kapayanensis virgogravida''
(Foon & T.-S. Liew, 2017)
References
Cyclophoridae
Gastropod genera
{{Cyclophoridae-stub
vi:Alycaeus balingensis