''Alphapapillomavirus'' is a genus of
viruses
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Viruses are found in almo ...
in the family ''
Papillomaviridae
''Papillomaviridae'' is a family of non- enveloped double-stranded DNA viruses whose members are known as papillomaviruses. Several hundred species of papillomaviruses, traditionally referred to as "types", have been identified infecting all car ...
''. Humans and monkeys serve as natural hosts. There are 14 species in this genus.
Diseases associated with this genus include warts,
papillomas
A papilloma (plural papillomas or papillomata) ('' papillo-'' + '' -oma'') is a benign epithelial tumor growing exophytically (outwardly projecting) in nipple-like and often finger-like fronds. In this context, papilla refers to the projection cre ...
, and malignant tumours. The genital-type species known to carry a high risk for malignancy are HPV-16 and 18 (cervical cancer), and those with a low risk of malignancy are HPV-6 and 11 (genital warts).
Taxonomy
The following species are assigned to the genus:
* ''
Alphapapillomavirus 1''
* ''
Alphapapillomavirus 2''
* ''
Alphapapillomavirus 3''
* ''
Alphapapillomavirus 4''
* ''
Alphapapillomavirus 5''
* ''
Alphapapillomavirus 6''
* ''
Alphapapillomavirus 7''
* ''
Alphapapillomavirus 8''
* ''
Alphapapillomavirus 9''
* ''
Alphapapillomavirus 10''
* ''
Alphapapillomavirus 11
''Alphapapillomavirus'' is a genus of viruses in the family ''Papillomaviridae''. Humans and monkeys serve as natural hosts. There are 14 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include warts, Papilloma, papillomas, and malign ...
''
* ''
Alphapapillomavirus 12
''Alphapapillomavirus'' is a genus of viruses in the family ''Papillomaviridae''. Humans and monkeys serve as natural hosts. There are 14 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include warts, papillomas, and malignant tumour ...
''
* ''
Alphapapillomavirus 13''
* ''
Alphapapillomavirus 14''
Structure
Viruses in ''Alphapapillomavirus'' are non-enveloped, with icosahedral geometries, and T=7 symmetry. The diameter is around 60 nm. Genomes are circular, around 8kb in length.
Life cycle
Viral replication is nuclear. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the dsDNA bidirectional replication model. DNA templated transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning, and
ribosomal shunting
Ribosome shunting is a mechanism of translation initiation in which ribosomes bypass, or "shunt over", parts of the 5' untranslated region to reach the start codon. However, a benefit of ribosomal shunting is that it can translate backwards allowin ...
. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear envelope breakdown.
Humans and monkeys serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are sexual and contact.
References
External links
ICTV Report ''Papillomaviridae''ICTV
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2650996
Papillomavirus
Virus genera