Corbadrine, sold under the brand name Neo-Cobefrine and also known as levonordefrin and α-methylnorepinephrine, is a

catecholamine A catecholamine (; abbreviated CA), most typically a 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine, is a monoamine neurotransmitter, an organic compound that has a catechol (benzene with two hydroxyl side groups next to each other) and a side-chain amine. Cate ...

sympathomimetic used as a

topical A topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body. Most often topical medication means application to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes to treat ailments via a large range of classes ...

nasal Nasal is an adjective referring to the nose, part of human or animal anatomy. It may also be shorthand for the following uses in combination: * With reference to the human nose: ** Nasal administration, a method of pharmaceutical drug delivery * ...

decongestant A decongestant, or nasal decongestant, is a type of pharmaceutical drug that is used to relieve nasal congestion in the upper respiratory tract. The active ingredient in most decongestants is either pseudoephedrine or phenylephrine (the latter o ...

and

vasoconstrictor Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of the blood vessels resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessels, in particular the large arteries and small arterioles. The process is the opposite of vasodilation, the widening of blood vesse ...

dentistry Dentistry, also known as dental medicine and oral medicine, is the branch of medicine focused on the Human tooth, teeth, gums, and Human mouth, mouth. It consists of the study, diagnosis, prevention, management, and treatment of diseases, dis ...

in the

United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

. It is usually used in a pre-mixed solution with

local anesthetic A local anesthetic (LA) is a medication that causes absence of all sensation (including pain) in a specific body part without loss of consciousness, providing local anesthesia, as opposed to a general anesthetic, which eliminates all sensati ...

s, such as

mepivacaine Mepivacaine is a local anesthetic of the amide type. Mepivacaine has a reasonably rapid onset (less rapid than that of procaine) and medium duration of action (longer than that of procaine) and is marketed under various trade names including Ca ...

. The drug acts as a non-selective

agonist An agonist is a chemical that activates a Receptor (biochemistry), receptor to produce a biological response. Receptors are Cell (biology), cellular proteins whose activation causes the cell to modify what it is currently doing. In contrast, an R ...

of the α₁-, α₂-, and

β-adrenergic receptor The adrenergic receptors or adrenoceptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of many catecholamines like norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) produced by the body, but also many medications like bet ...

s. It is said to have preferential activity at the α₂-adrenergic receptor. Corbadrine is also a

metabolite In biochemistry, a metabolite is an intermediate or end product of metabolism. The term is usually used for small molecules. Metabolites have various functions, including fuel, structure, signaling, stimulatory and inhibitory effects on enzymes, c ...

of the

antihypertensive drug Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke, heart failure, kidney failure and myocardial infa ...

methyldopa Methyldopa, also known as α-methyl-L-DOPA and sold under the brand name Aldomet among others, is a medication used for high blood pressure. It is one of the preferred treatments for high blood pressure in pregnancy. For other types of high blo ...

and plays a role in its

pharmacology Pharmacology is the science of drugs and medications, including a substance's origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, therapeutic use, and toxicology. More specifically, it is the study of the interactions that occur betwee ...

and effects.

Pharmacology

Pharmacokinetics

Corbadrine is

metabolized Metabolism (, from ''metabolē'', "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms. The three main functions of metabolism are: the conversion of the energy in food to energy available to run cellular processes; the co ...

primarily by catechol ''O''-methyltransferase (COMT).

Chemistry

Corbadrine, also known as 3,4,β-trihydroxy-α-methylphenethylamine or as 3,4,β-trihydroxyamphetamine, as well as α-methylnorepinephrine or (–)-3,4-dihydroxynorephedrine, is a

substituted phenethylamine Substituted phenethylamines (or simply phenethylamines) are a chemical class of organic compounds that are based upon the phenethylamine structure; the class is composed of all the derivative (chemistry), derivative compounds of phenethylamine ...

and

amphetamine Amphetamine (contracted from Alpha and beta carbon, alpha-methylphenethylamine, methylphenethylamine) is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, an ...

derivative In mathematics, the derivative is a fundamental tool that quantifies the sensitivity to change of a function's output with respect to its input. The derivative of a function of a single variable at a chosen input value, when it exists, is t ...

. Analogues of corbadrine include

α-methyldopamine α-Methyldopamine (α-Me-DA), also known as 3,4-dihydroxyamphetamine (3,4-DHA or HHA) or as catecholamphetamine, is a research chemical of the catecholamine and amphetamine families. It is a monoamine releasing agent and a metabolite of MDMA and ...

dioxifedrine Dioxifedrine (), or dioxifedrin, also known as α-methylepinephrine or as 3,4-dihydroxyephedrine, is a sympathomimetic medication that was never marketed. It is described as a β-adrenergic receptor agonist and bronchodilator. The drug is a s ...

(3,4-dihydroxyephedrine; α-methylepinephrine),

dioxethedrin Dioxethedrin (), or dioxethedrine, also known as 3,4-dihydroxy-''N''-ethylnorephedrine, is a sympathomimetic medication. It was a component of the antitussive syrup Bexol (a combination of dioxethedrin, codeine, and promethazine). It is an eph ...

(3,4-dihydroxy-''N''-ethylnorephedrine; α-methyl-''N''-ethylnorepinephrine), and

hydroxyamphetamine Hydroxyamphetamine may refer to: * β-Hydroxyamphetamine (phenylisopropanolamine; two chiral centers and four possible stereoisomers) ** Phenylpropanolamine (racemic phenylpropanolamine; norephedrine; (1''R'',2''S''/1''S'',2''R'')-β-hydroxyampheta ...

(4-hydroxyamphetamine; α-methyltyramine).

Society and culture

Names

''Corbadrine'' is the generic name of the drug and its . It is also known as ''levonordefrin'', which is its . Synonyms of corbadrine include ''α-methylnorepinephrine'' and ''(–)-3,4-dihydroxynorephedrine''. The drug has been sold under the brand name ''Neo-Cobefrine''.

References

External links

* {{Phenethylamines Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonists Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists Beta-adrenergic agonists Beta-Hydroxyamphetamines Catecholamines Decongestants Human drug metabolites Norepinephrine releasing agents Vasoconstrictors