Alp Arslān Al-Akhras
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Tāj al-Dawla Alp Arslān ibn Riḍwān, nicknamed al-Akhras ('The Mute'), was the
Seljuk Seljuk (, ''Selcuk'') or Saljuq (, ''Saljūq'') may refer to: * Seljuk Empire (1051–1153), a medieval empire in the Middle East and central Asia * Seljuk dynasty (c. 950–1307), the ruling dynasty of the Seljuk Empire and subsequent polities * S ...
sultan of Aleppo The monarchs of Aleppo reigned as kings, emirs and sultans of the city and its surrounding region since the later half of the 3rd millennium BC, starting with the kings of Armi (Syria), Armi, followed by the Amorite dynasty of Yamhad. Muslim rul ...
from 1113 until his death in 1114. According to Ibn al-Athīr, he was not actually mute but had only a
speech impediment Speech disorders, impairments, or impediments, are a type of communication disorder in which normal speech is disrupted. This can mean fluency disorders like stuttering and cluttering. Someone who is unable to speak due to a speech disorder is co ...
and a
stammer Stuttering, also known as stammering, is a speech disorder characterized externally by involuntary repetitions and prolongations of sounds, syllables, words, or phrases as well as involuntary silent pauses called blocks in which the person who ...
. He was the son of the Sultan Riḍwān by a daughter of
Yağısıyan Yağısıyan, also known as Yaghi-Siyan (; died 1098) was a Seljuk Turkoman commander and governor of Antioch in the 11th century. Although little is known about his personal life he was an important figure of the First Crusade. Governor of Anti ...
, governor of
Antioch Antioch on the Orontes (; , ) "Antioch on Daphne"; or "Antioch the Great"; ; ; ; ; ; ; . was a Hellenistic Greek city founded by Seleucus I Nicator in 300 BC. One of the most important Greek cities of the Hellenistic period, it served as ...
. Alp Arslān was only sixteen years old when he succeeded his father as sultan of Aleppo on 10 December 1113. As a result, according to Ibn al-Athīr, he "had only the semblance of authority as sultan, while" his Luʾluʾ al-Yaya "had the reality". After coming to power, he ordered the death of his full brother Malikshāh and his paternal half-brother Mubārakshah in imitation of his father, who had also ordered the death of his brothers upon coming to power. Historian
Amin Maalouf Amin Maalouf (; ; born 25 February 1949) is a Lebanese people in France, Lebanese-born French"A ...
wrote that Alp Arslan, in addition to his brothers, executed "several officers, a few servants, and in general anyone to whom he took a dislike". While Luʾluʾ had control over the army, the ('local militia') remained loyal to Alp Arslān and under his control. At the suggestion of Sāʿid ibn Badīʿ, ('leader') of the , Alp Arslān persecuted the Nizārī Bāṭiniyya, executing their leader, Abū Ṭāhir al-Sāʾigh, and confiscating the properties of the rest. In this way he drove many Nizārīs over to the Christian
Principality of Antioch The Principality of Antioch (; ) was one of the Crusader states created during the First Crusade which included parts of Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) and History of Syria#Medieval era, Syria. The principality was much smaller than the County of ...
. He later turned on Ibn Badīʿ, confiscating his property and exiling him to the ʿUqaylid emirate of Qalʿat Jaʿbar. He replaced him as of the by a foreigner, Ibrāhīm al-Furātī. Because of his military weakness, Alp Arslān was forced to pay tribute to Antioch. In March 1114, Alp Arslān turned to Ṭughtegin of Damascus for protection against Antioch, against the Nizārīs and against his , Luʾluʾ. Ṭughtegin sent forces to Aleppo, but they found the official toleration of the
Shia Shia Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam. It holds that Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib () as both his political successor (caliph) and as the spiritual leader of the Muslim community (imam). However, his right is understood ...
unacceptable and left before the end of the year.
Roger of Salerno Roger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) ( 1080 – June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants o ...
, regent of Antioch, forced the resumption of tribute. With Ṭughtegin's forces gone, the , in league with Shams al-Khawāṣṣ Yārūqtāsh, the lord of
Rafanīya Raphanea or Raphaneae (; ; colloquial: ''Rafniye'') was a city of the late Roman province of Syria Secunda. Its bishopric was a suffragan of Apamea. History Josephus mentions Raphanea in connection with a river Σαββατικον, referr ...
, whom Ṭughtegin had deposed, had the s murder Alp Arslān in the citadel. Luʾluʾ then placed Alp Arslān's six-year-old brother, Sulṭān Shāh, on the throne. When Luʾluʾ died in 1117, princess
Āmina Khātūn Amina Khatun (fl. 1117) was de facto ruler of Aleppo in 1117.El-Azhari, Taef. Queens, Eunuchs and Concubines in Islamic History, 661–1257. Edinburgh University Press, 2019 She was born to Fakhr al-Mulk Ridwan, Amir of Aleppo (r. 1095–1113). ...
took control of the city.


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* * * * * * * {{Seljuk dynasty 1090s births 1114 deaths 12th-century Syrian people Seljuk rulers 12th-century monarchs in the Middle East People of the Nizari–Seljuk wars Sultans of Aleppo