JSC JSC may refer to: * Jane Street Capital, a proprietary trading firm * JavascriptCore, a framework that provides a JavaScript engine for WebKit implementations * Jeffree Star Cosmetics, an American cosmetics franchise * Johnson Space Center, NASA ...

Concern VKO "Almaz-Antey" () is a Russian

state-owned State ownership, also called public ownership or government ownership, is the ownership of an industry, asset, property, or enterprise by the national government of a country or state, or a public body representing a community, as opposed to ...

company in the arms industry, a result of a merger of

Antey Corporation Antey Concern () was a defense industry company based in Moscow, Russia. In 2002 it was merged with NPO Almaz to form Almaz-Antey. The Antey Concern specialized in the production of high-performance surface-to-air missile systems and sophisticated ...

and

NPO Almaz JSC NPO Almaz named after A.A. Raspletin (, former SB-1, 1947–1950; KB-1, 1950–1966; MKB Strela, 1966–1971; TsKB Almaz, 1971–1988; NPO Almaz, 1988–2008; GSKB Almaz-Antey, 2008–2015) is a Soviet/Russian military R&D enterprise foun ...

, unifying some of the national military enterprises, in particular, the developers of

anti-aircraft defence Anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) is the counter to aerial warfare and includes "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action".AAP-6 It encompasses surface-based, subsurface (Submarine#Armament, submarine-lau ...

and cruise missile systems. The organisation is headquartered in

Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...

and is the world's eighth-largest defence contractor measured by 2017 defence revenues. In 2017, Almaz-Antey had arms sales of $9.125 billion. The Almaz-Antey group produce

air defense systems Anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) is the counter to aerial warfare and includes "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action".AAP-6 It encompasses surface-based, subsurface ( submarine-launched), and air-bas ...

, firearms for aircraft and armored vehicles,

artillery shells A shell, in a modern military context, is a projectile whose payload contains an explosive, incendiary, or other chemical filling. Originally it was called a bombshell, but "shell" has come to be unambiguous in a military context. A shell c ...

and

surface-to-surface missiles A surface-to-surface missile (SSM) is a missile designed to be launched from the ground or the sea and strike targets on land or at sea. They may be fired from hand-held or vehicle mounted devices, from fixed installations, or from a ship. They ar ...

, airspace surveillance and coordination and artillery radars. The Group also manufacture civilian products such as

navigation system A navigation system is a computing system that aids in navigation. Navigation systems may be entirely on board the vehicle or vessel that the system is controlling (for example, on the ship's bridge) or located elsewhere, making use of radio or oth ...

s, air traffic systems, civil airtraffic- and weather

radars Radar is a system that uses radio waves to determine the distance ('' ranging''), direction (azimuth and elevation angles), and radial velocity of objects relative to the site. It is a radiodetermination method used to detect and track aircr ...

, sewage cleaning systems, ventilation valves for

nuclear power plant A nuclear power plant (NPP), also known as a nuclear power station (NPS), nuclear generating station (NGS) or atomic power station (APS) is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. As is typical of thermal power st ...

s, and plastic packaging for

cosmetics Cosmetics are substances that are intended for application to the body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering appearance. They are mixtures of chemical compounds derived from either Natural product, natural source ...

and food products.

History

Almaz-Antey was founded in 2002 by Presidential Decree 412 of the

Russian President The president of Russia, officially the president of the Russian Federation (), is the executive head of state of Russia. The president is the chair of the Federal State Council and the supreme commander-in-chief of the Russian Armed Forces. I ...

. In 2003 the Director General of Almaz-Antey, Igor Klimov was shot dead. A criminal investigation found his death was linked to a property audit inside the company. The current Board is headed by

Viktor Ivanov Viktor Petrovich Ivanov (, born May 12, 1950) is a Russian politician and businessman, former KGB officer, who served in the KGB Directorate of Leningrad and its successors in 1977–1994. He was the director of The Federal Narcotics Service o ...

, Director General; Vladislav Menshikov, Chief Designer; and Anatoly Savin. On 16 July 2014, the

Obama administration Barack Obama's tenure as the 44th president of the United States began with his first inauguration on January 20, 2009, and ended on January 20, 2017. Obama, a Democrat from Illinois, took office following his victory over Republican nomine ...

imposed sanctions through the

US Department of Treasury The Department of the Treasury (USDT) is the national treasury and finance department of the federal government of the United States. It is one of 15 current U.S. government departments. The department oversees the Bureau of Engraving and ...

Office of Foreign Assets Control The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) is a financial intelligence and enforcement agency of the United States Department of the Treasury, United States Treasury Department. It administers and enforces economic and trade economic sanctions, ...

(OFAC) by adding Almaz-Antey Concern and other entities to the Sectoral Sanctions Identifications List (SSI) in retaliation for the ongoing Ukrainian crisis, annexation of the Crimean Peninsula by the

Kremlin The Moscow Kremlin (also the Kremlin) is a fortified complex in Moscow, Russia. Located in the centre of the country's capital city, the Moscow Kremlin (fortification), Kremlin comprises five palaces, four cathedrals, and the enclosing Mosco ...

, and the Russian interference in Ukraine. In February 2015 the

President of Russia The president of Russia, officially the president of the Russian Federation (), is the executive head of state of Russia. The president is the chair of the State Council (Russia), Federal State Council and the President of Russia#Commander-in-ch ...

signed a Decree to rename JSC Concern PVO "Almaz-Antey" to Concern VKO "Almaz-Antey", and to increase its

capitalization Capitalization ( North American spelling; also British spelling in Oxford) or capitalisation (Commonwealth English; all other meanings) is writing a word with its first letter as a capital letter (uppercase letter) and the remaining letters in ...

. 'PVO' means ''

Protivo-Vozdushnaya Oborona The Soviet Air Defence Forces (; ) was the air defence branch of the Soviet Armed Forces. Formed in 1941, it continued being a service branch of the Russian Armed Forces after 1991 until it was merged into the Air Force in 1998. Unlike Western ai ...

'' - air defence forces, the Russian name for the

Soviet Air Defence Forces The Soviet Air Defence Forces (; ) was the air defence branch of the Soviet Armed Forces. Formed in 1941, it continued being a service branch of the Russian Armed Forces after 1991 until it was merged into the Air Force in 1998. Unlike Western ...

branch of the Soviet and Russian military. 'VKO' (or BKO), the

Russian Aerospace Defence Forces The Russian Aerospace Defence Forces (VVKO) () was a branch of the Russian Armed Forces responsible for aerospace defence, operation of Russian military satellites and the Plesetsk Cosmodrome. It was established on 1 December 2011 and dissolved ...

, was the branch of the

Armed Forces of the Russian Federation The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, commonly referred to as the Russian Armed Forces, are the military of Russia. They are organized into three service branches—the Ground Forces, Navy, and Aerospace Forces—two independent comba ...

responsible for air and missile defence, and the operation of Russian military satellites and the

Plesetsk Cosmodrome Plesetsk Cosmodrome () is a Russian spaceport located in Mirny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, near the town of Plesetsk, from which it takes its name. Until 2025 and the commissioning of the Andøya Space, Andøya base in Norway, it was the only operati ...

. In August 2015, the

Russian Aerospace Forces The Russian Aerospace Forces or Russian Air and Space Forces (VKS) comprise the air force, aerial, space force, space warfare, and Missile defense, missile defence Military branch, branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. It was ...

was created, and includes both the Air Force, and the Aerospace Defence Forces. In March 2022, as a result of the

2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine On 24 February 2022, , starting the largest and deadliest war in Europe since World War II, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, conflict between the two countries which began in 2014. The fighting has caused hundreds of thou ...

, the EU imposed sanctions on Almaz-Antey Corporation.

Owners and management

Owners

100% of the company's shares are owned by the Russian Federation represented by the

Federal Agency for State Property Management The Federal Agency for State Property Management (Rosimushchestvo) () is a subdivision of the Russian Ministry of Economic Development that manages Russia's federal state property. History The agency was formed by a presidential decree, No.314, ...

Management body

Chairman of the Board of Directors of the company - M. Fradkov (since November 2016) General Constructor * P. Sozinov (since 2013) Scientific supervisor * A. I. Savin (2002-2016) * P. I. Kamnev (2017-2023) * I. G. Hakobyan (from 2023) CEO * Y. Svirin (April 2002-February 2003) * I. Klimov (February-June 2003, Acting CEO) * A. Zaitsev (June-August 2003) * V. Menshchikov (August 2003-March 2014) * Y. Novikov (from March 2014) Chairman of the Management Board * Y. Novikov (since 2015)

Structure

Companies of the holding as of September 2014: * Moscow Machine Building Plant "Avangard", Moscow *

Avitek Avitek () is a Russian defense company based in the city of Kirov. It manufactures guided anti-aircraft missiles, aircraft armaments and subsystems. It also manufactures ejection seats. Avitek produces the 9M334 anti-aircraft missile module ...

, Kirov * , Zhukovsky, Moscow Oblast *

, Moscow *

Vektor State Enterprise JSC Vektor State Enterprise () is a company based in Yekaterinburg, Russia. It is part of the Almaz-Antey defense holding. Vektor State Enterprise produces military electronics including missile-related guidance systems and radars. In the 1990s it ...

, Ekaterinburg * The Order of the Red Labor Banner All-Research institute Radio equipment, St. Petersburg, Vasilievsky Island * All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Radio Engineering, Moscow * Volzhsky Electromechanical Factory, Republic of Mari El, Volzhsk * , Vladivostok *

Obukhov State Plant Obukhov State Plant (also known Obukhovski Plant, ) is a major Russian metallurgy and heavy machine-building Factory, plant in St. Petersburg, Russia. Predecessors In 1854, the mining engineer P.M. Obukhov invented a new procedure to make ...

, St. Petersburg * The head center of the service Maintenance and repair of the Concern Air defense "Almaz-Antey" "Granite", Moscow *

Dolgoprudnenskoe Scientific Production Plant OJSC Dolgoprudnenskoye Scientific Production Plant (also translated as Dolgoprudny Research Production Enterprise, ) or DNPP for short is a Soviet/Russian designer and mass producer of surface-to-air missiles located in the city of Dolgoprudny, M ...

, Moscow region, Dolgoprudny * Plant radio engineering Equipment, St. Petersburg * Design Bureau of Special Machine-Building, St. Petersburg * , Ryazan * Design Bureau Kuntsevo, Moscow *

Izhevsk Electromechanical Plant JSC Izhevsk Electromechanical Plant or IEMZ Kupol for short () is a Russian military R&D enterprise founded in 1957. It is located in Izhevsk (3 Pesochnaya str).GlobalSecurity.orgIEMZ Kupol/ref> It is part of the state-owned Almaz-Antey holdin ...

, Izhevsk * , Moscow * , Republic of Mari El, Yoshkar-Ola * , Vladimir region, Murom *

NIIIP JSC Scientific and Research Institute of Measurement Instrumentation – Novosibirsk Plant named after the Komintern (abbreviated as NPO NIIIP-NZiK, ) – Soviet/Russian large scientific and production joint venture (NPO) working in the field ...

, Novosibirsk *

Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design JSC V.V. Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design (, , NIIP) is a joint stock company, one of the Russian enterprises in the development of weaponry control systems for fighter planes and mobile medium range anti-aircraft ...

, Moscow Region, Zhukovsky *

Nizhny Novgorod Machine-Building Plant Open joint-stock company (JSC) NMZ or Nizhny Novgorod Machine-building Plant () is a Russian (formerly Soviet) artillery factory in the Sormovo district of Gorky. It included the TsAKB artillery design bureau led by Vasiliy Grabin. Currentl ...

, Nizhny Novgorod *

NPO Novator NPO Novator (Novator Design Bureau, OKB Novator, OKB Lyulyev; ) is a Russian company that designs long-range anti-aircraft missiles. It was established in 1947 as OKB-8 in Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk, became independent in 1991, and then became part ...

, Ekaterinburg * Scientific and production Association Pravdinsky Radio factory, Nizhny Novgorod region, Balakhna * Pravdinskoye Design Bureau, Nizhny Novgorod region, Balakhna * , Moscow region, Serpukhov * , Ryazan * Kazan experimental Design Bureau Soyuz, Kazan * Scientific and production Association "Arrow", Tula *

Ulyanovsk Mechanical Plant JSC Ulyanovsk Mechanical Plant or UMP for short (transliteration, translit. ''Ulyanovsk Mekhanicheskiy Zavod'', ''UMZ'') is a Soviet/Russian military enterprise, now part of Almaz-Antey holding. Founded on January 1, 1966, by the Decree of Soviet g ...

, Ulyanovsk *

MKB Fakel MKB "Fakel" (, ''"Torch"''), also known as Grushin Machine-building Design Bureau, is a Russian government-owned aerospace defense corporation located in Khimki, Moscow Oblast, Russia. History MKB Fakel was founded in 1953 under the designation ...

, Moscow Region, Khimki * Limited company Responsibility of Almaz-Antey- Story, Moscow * Limited company Responsibility of Kantey, Moscow * Almaz-Antey Telecommunications, Moscow * Almaz-Antey Management consulting, Moscow * Public corporation "Pulse", Moscow * Public corporation Radiophysics, Moscow * Public corporation "Lanthanum", Moscow * Interstate joint-stock company Corporation Vympel, Moscow * , St. Petersburg *

Arzamas Instrument-Building Plant Arzamas Instrument-Building Plant () is an instrument-manufacturing company based in Arzamas, Russia. It was established in 1957 and is part of the Russian Arms organization Almaz-Antey. The plant manufactures Gyroscope, gyroscopic instruments, C ...

, Nizhny Novgorod region, Arzamas * Public corporation "Saturn", Omsk *

Kalinin Machine-Building Plant JSC Kalinin Machine-Building Plant, ZiK or MZiK for short () is a Russian industrial company known for producing artillery and vehicles. It is now part of the Almaz-Antey holding company. History Founded in 1866 in St. Petersburg by a decree ...

, Yekaterinburg * , Ulyanovsk * State Scientific- Research institute Instrument engineering, Moscow *

Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Radio Engineering The Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Radio Engineering (NNIIRT) is a Russian electronics company specializing in the development and manufacturing of radar equipment. It is a subsidiary of the Almaz-Antey group. History Founded in 1947, NNII ...

, Nizhny Novgorod * Scientific and Technical Center Industrial technologies and Air navigation systems, Moscow * Special Design Bureau "Bearing", Ekaterinburg * Khabarovsk radio engineering factory, Khabarovsk * 1015 factory for repair of military- Technical property, Sverdlovsk Region, Nizhny Sergi * Manufacturing enterprise «Radar-2633», Moscow Region, Lyubertsy * 502 factory for repair of military- Technical property, Noginsk, Moscow region * 69 repair plant for rocket- Artillery armament, Kaliningrad * 1019 military repair plant, Republic of Buryatia, Zaigraevsky district, Onohoy * 1253 central repair base Radar weapons, Samara * 3821 factory for repair of military, Leningrad Region, Tosno * Repair plant for radio electronic Technique «LUCH», Leningrad Region, Vsevolozhsky district, Village Yanino * Nizhny Novgorod Plant of the 70th Anniversary Victory, Nizhny Novgorod * IEMZ Kupol, makers of the

Garpiya Garpiya is a family of Russian long-range combat drone produced by IEMZ Kupol for use in the Russo-Ukrainian War. It is a copy of the Shahed 136 drone built using parts sourced from China. Manufacturing The Garpiya is produced by IEMZ Kupol ...

UAV An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) or unmanned aircraft system (UAS), commonly known as a drone, is an aircraft with no human pilot, crew, or passengers onboard, but rather is controlled remotely or is autonomous.De Gruyter Handbook of Drone ...

Products

Military products

The main military products are related to air defense systems

Ground-based air defense

Long-range air defense systems to cover settlements and strategic objects: S-300, S-300V4 (export version - Antey-4000),

S-400 The S-400 Triumf ( – Triumf; translation: Triumph; NATO reporting name: SA-21 Growler), previously known as the S-300 PMU-3, is a mobile surface-to-air missile (SAM) system developed in the 1990s by Russia's NPO Almaz as an upgrade to the S ...

S-500 The S-500 Prometheus (), also known as 55R6M "Triumfator-M", is a Russian surface-to-air missile/anti-ballistic missile system supplementing the S-400 and the A-235 ABM missile system. The S-500 was developed by the Almaz-Antey Air Defence Co ...

. Medium-range air defense systems:

S-125 Neva/Pechora The S-125 ''Neva/Pechora'' (, NATO reporting name SA-3 ''Goa'') is a Soviet surface-to-air missile system that was designed by Aleksei Isaev to complement the S-25 Berkut, S-25 and S-75 Dvina, S-75. It has a shorter effective range and lower enga ...

, Buk-M2, Buk-M3 anti—aircraft missile systems (export version - "Viking"), S-350 Vityaz. Short-range mobile air defense systems for direct support of ground forces units:

9K33 Osa The 9K33 ''Osa'' (; English: "wasp"; NATO reporting name SA-8 ''Gecko'') is a highly mobile, low-altitude, short-range tactical surface-to-air missile system developed in the Soviet Union in the 1960s and fielded in 1972. Its export version nam ...

Tor-M1 The Tor (; ) is an all-weather, low-to medium-altitude, short-range surface-to-air missile system designed for destroying airplanes, helicopters, cruise missiles, unmanned aerial vehicles and short-range ballistic threats (anti-munitions). Ori ...

, Tor-M2.

Sea-based air defense

Rif-M long-range air defense system ("Poliment/Redut"). The Shtil-1 medium-range air defense system. Short-range air defense systems "Klinok", Gibka.

Radar stations

Radar for detecting aerial targets: 67N6E, Nebo-IED, Gamma-C1E, Protivnik-GE, Gazetchik-E, Nebo-UE, Kasta-2E2, 1L122E, 96L6E. Portable radars for detecting ground-based equipment: Fara-PV, Credo-M1. Artillery reconnaissance radar

Aistyonok Aistyonok (, ''Little Stork''; GRAU designation 1L271) is a portable counter-battery radar system developed and produced by the state-owned Almaz-Antey corporation for the Russian Armed Forces. It is a mobile radar for the purpose of detecting p ...

Zoopark-1 Zoopark-1 () 1L219 is a counter-battery radar system developed by Almaz-Antey for the Soviet Armed Forces. It is a mobile active electronically scanned array radar (based on a tracked MT-LBu chassis) for the purpose of enemy field-artillery ac ...

Automated air defense control systems

The automated control systems Baikal-1ME, PPRU-M1-2, Fundament, Universal-1E, Krym-KE (CT), RK-MTZ Valdai are used to control air defense systems and target reconnaissance through their own radars or separate coupled radars.

Civil products

The main civilian products are related to the conversion of military developments from control systems, topography and radar. Priority sectors in the field of development of civilian products are: medical equipment, communications, transport, housing and communal services, fuel and energy complex. Telecommunication equipment: Marine and automotive

GLONASS GLONASS (, ; ) is a Russian satellite navigation system operating as part of a radionavigation-satellite service. It provides an alternative to Global Positioning System (GPS) and is the second navigational system in operation with global cove ...

navigators. Air traffic control radar: Lira-A10, Utes-T, Aurora. Automated air traffic control systems: Vega, Topaz, Sintez. According to Defense News, revenues from the concern's civilian products are insignificant, but this may be due to the dual purpose of technology and taking into account such equipment as military. In 2021, the concern announced the development of its own

electric car An electric car or electric vehicle (EV) is a passenger car, passenger automobile that is propelled by an electric motor, electric traction motor, using electrical energy as the primary source of propulsion. The term normally refers to a p ...

under the working name E-NEVA. The

crossover Crossover may refer to: Entertainment Music Albums * ''Cross Over'' (album), a 1987 album by Dan Peek, or the title song * ''Crossover'' (Dirty Rotten Imbeciles album), 1987 * ''Crossover'', an album by Intrigue * ''Crossover'', an album by ...

will also be presented as a hybrid powered by hydrogen or natural gas. Its maximum speed will be 197 km/ h, mileage on a single charge — 463 km.

References

External links

* * https://web.archive.org/web/20070929121309/http://ftp.fas.org/irp/world/russia/fbis/MissileIndustry.html {{authority control Defence companies of Russia Companies established in 2002 2002 establishments in Russia Government-owned companies of Russia Holding companies of Russia Russian entities subject to U.S. Department of the Treasury sanctions