The Allegationes (Statements) is a short memo, that was written by

Francesc Eiximenis Francesc Eiximenis (; – 1409) was a Franciscan Catalan people, Catalan writer who lived in the 14th-century Crown of Aragon. He was possibly one of the more successful medieval Catalan writers since his works were widely read, copied, publishe ...

Latin Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area aroun ...

between 1398 and 1408 in

Valencia Valencia ( , ), formally València (), is the capital of the Province of Valencia, province and Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Valencian Community, the same name in Spain. It is located on the banks of the Turia (r ...

. The scholar Albert Hauf transcribed and published this opuscule in 1986.

Origin

Between 1398 and 1408 there was a conflict in the city of

between

Church Church may refer to: Religion * Church (building), a place/building for Christian religious activities and praying * Church (congregation), a local congregation of a Christian denomination * Church service, a formalized period of Christian comm ...

and

State State most commonly refers to: * State (polity), a centralized political organization that regulates law and society within a territory **Sovereign state, a sovereign polity in international law, commonly referred to as a country **Nation state, a ...

. The origin of this conflict was the legal situation of clergymen. The ''Justícia'' of the

Kingdom of Valencia The Kingdom of Valencia (; ; ), located in the eastern shore of the Iberian Peninsula, was one of the component realms of the Crown of Aragon. The Kingdom of Valencia was formally created in 1238 when the Moorish taifa of Valencia was taken in ...

(a medieval legal Valencian authority) ordered to disarm the clergymen that showed weapons publicly. The

bishop A bishop is an ordained member of the clergy who is entrusted with a position of Episcopal polity, authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance and administration of di ...

of Valencia, Hug de Llupià (a close friend of Eiximenis, whom he had already dedicated his

Pastorale Pastorale refers to something of a pastoral nature in music, whether in form or in mood. In Baroque music, a pastorale is a movement of a melody in thirds over a drone bass, recalling the Christmas music of ''pifferari'', players of the traditi ...

), demanded the clergymen to be judged according to the Church laws, and asked also to collect himself the weapons that had been taken to these clergymen. There was also another conflict between the Grand Master of the

Order of Montesa The Orde Militar de Santa Maria de Montesa, often shortened to Order of Montesa (, Aragonese and ) is a Christian military order, territorially limited to the old Crown of Aragon. It was named after the castle of Montesa, its headquarters. ...

and the king of the

Crown of Aragon The Crown of Aragon (, ) ;, ; ; . was a composite monarchy ruled by one king, originated by the dynastic union of the Kingdom of Aragon and the County of Barcelona (later Principality of Catalonia) and ended as a consequence of the War of the Sp ...

. In order to solve all these conflicts, the arbitration of sixteen important people of the Kingdom of valencia was requested. Most of them were jurists, but some of them were clergymen, such as Eiximenis. The part of this

verdict In law, a verdict is the formal finding of fact made by a jury on matters or questions submitted to the jury by a judge. In a bench trial, the judge's decision near the end of the trial is simply referred to as a finding. In England and Wales ...

arbitration Arbitration is a formal method of dispute resolution involving a third party neutral who makes a binding decision. The third party neutral (the 'arbitrator', 'arbiter' or 'arbitral tribunal') renders the decision in the form of an 'arbitrati ...

that was made by Francesc Eiximenis (that must have been written before 1409, the year he died), is what we know as ''Allegationes''.

Content

This is a key document in order to know Eiximenis'

theocratic Theocracy is a form of autocracy or oligarchy in which one or more deities are recognized as supreme ruling authorities, giving divine guidance to human intermediaries, with executive and legislative power, who manage the government's daily a ...

ideas. The reasoning that is given here by Eiximenis is often repeated in other parts of his works, where he justifies papal theocracy, such as chapters 75-81 and 234 of the ''First Book of the

Christian A Christian () is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a Monotheism, monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus in Christianity, Jesus Christ. Christians form the largest religious community in the wo ...

'', or the fourth part (chapters 396-466) of the ''Twelfth Book of the

''. Among the arguments and authors that he quotes, the following ones must be pointed out: Brines, Lluís. ''La Filosofía social y política de Francesc eiximenis''. Sevilla. Ed. Novaedició. 2004. Pp. 515 ss. * ''Unam Sanctam'' (One Saint)

Papal bull A papal bull is a type of public decree, letters patent, or charter issued by the pope of the Catholic Church. It is named after the leaden Seal (emblem), seal (''bulla (seal), bulla'') traditionally appended to authenticate it. History Papal ...

, issued by

pope The pope is the bishop of Rome and the Head of the Church#Catholic Church, visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church. He is also known as the supreme pontiff, Roman pontiff, or sovereign pontiff. From the 8th century until 1870, the po ...

Boniface VIII Pope Boniface VIII (; born Benedetto Caetani; – 11 October 1303) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 24 December 1294 until his death in 1303. The Caetani family was of baronial origin with connections to the p ...

. *

Bernard of Clairvaux Bernard of Clairvaux, Cistercians, O.Cist. (; 109020 August 1153), venerated as Saint Bernard, was an abbot, Mysticism, mystic, co-founder of the Knights Templar, and a major leader in the reform of the Benedictines through the nascent Cistercia ...

' '' De consideratione'' (On consideration). *

Hugh of Saint Victor Hugh of Saint Victor ( 1096 – 11 February 1141) was a Saxon canon regular and a leading theologian and writer on mystical theology. Life As with many medieval figures, little is known about Hugh's early life. He was probably born in the 1090s. ...

's ''De sacramentis'' (On sacraments). *

Isidore of Seville Isidore of Seville (; 4 April 636) was a Spania, Hispano-Roman scholar, theologian and Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seville, archbishop of Seville. He is widely regarded, in the words of the 19th-century historian Charles Forbes René de Montal ...

''Liber de personis ecclesiasticis'' (Book about church people). * The

Donation of Constantine The Donation of Constantine () is a forged Roman imperial decree by which the 4th-century emperor Constantine the Great supposedly transferred authority over Rome and the western part of the Roman Empire to the Pope. Composed probably in the ...

. * The

canonist Canon law (from , , a 'straight measuring rod, ruler') is a set of ordinances and regulations made by ecclesiastical jurisdiction, ecclesiastical authority (church leadership) for the government of a Christian organization or church and its membe ...

Enrico da Susa (who is better known as the ''Ostiensis

cardinal Cardinal or The Cardinal most commonly refers to * Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds **''Cardinalis'', genus of three species in the family Cardinalidae ***Northern cardinal, ''Cardinalis cardinalis'', the common cardinal of ...

'', or simply the ''Ostiensis'') in several works. Finally, in order to confirm his argumentation, he explains how all the rulers that have attacked and pursued the Church, have had a bad end, as showing that God has punished them. And in the end of the list there is a monarch whom he has a special hostility along all his works, Frederick II Hohenstaufen. Nevertheless, the treatment that he does regarding this emperor is always very delicate, since the kings of the Crown of Aragon were his descendants, after the marriage of

Constance of Sicily Constance of Sicily can refer to: *Constance I of Sicily Constance I (; 2 November 1154 – 27 November 1198) was the queen of Sicily from 1194 until her death and Holy Roman empress from 1191 to 1197 as the wife of Emperor Henry VI. As queen ...

, his granddaughter, with

Peter the Great Peter I (, ; – ), better known as Peter the Great, was the Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Prince of all Russia, Tsar of all Russia from 1682 and the first Emperor of Russia, Emperor of all Russia from 1721 until his death in 1725. He reigned j ...

Digital editions

Edition inside Eiximenis' complete works ''on line'' (in Catalan and Latin)
.

References

{{authority control Medieval Latin literature Francesc Eiximenis