Allan Luke
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Allan Luke (born 1950) is an educator, researcher, and theorist studying literacy, multiliteracies, applied linguistics, and educational sociology and policy. Luke has written or edited 17 books and more than 250 articles and book chapters. Luke, with Peter Freebody, originated the Four Resources Model of
literacy Literacy is the ability to read and write, while illiteracy refers to an inability to read and write. Some researchers suggest that the study of "literacy" as a concept can be divided into two periods: the period before 1950, when literacy was ...
in the 1990s.Curriculum services of Canada. (2007). "Dr. Allan Luke: the new literacies" webcast. Retrieved from http://www.curriculum.org/secretariat/may31.html Part of the New London Group, he was coauthor of the "Pedagogy of Multiliteracies: Designing Social Futures" published in the Harvard Educational Review (1996). He is Emeritus Professor at
Queensland University of Technology The Queensland University of Technology (QUT) is a public university, public research university located in the city of Brisbane in Queensland, Australia. It has two major campuses, a modern city campus in Gardens Point, Brisbane, Gardens Point ...
in
Brisbane, Australia Brisbane ( ; ) is the List of Australian capital cities, capital and largest city of the States and territories of Australia, state of Queensland and the list of cities in Australia by population, third-most populous city in Australia, with a ...
and adjunct professor at Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Canada.


Education

Luke received his
Bachelor of Arts A Bachelor of Arts (abbreviated B.A., BA, A.B. or AB; from the Latin ', ', or ') is the holder of a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the liberal arts, or, in some cases, other disciplines. A Bachelor of Arts deg ...
from the
University of California, Santa Barbara The University of California, Santa Barbara (UC Santa Barbara or UCSB) is a Public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in Santa Barbara County, California, United States. Tracing its roots back to 1891 as an ...
in 1972. Luke received his teaching certificate in 1976 and his M.A. in 1980, from
Simon Fraser University Simon Fraser University (SFU) is a Public university, public research university in British Columbia, Canada. It maintains three campuses in Greater Vancouver, respectively located in Burnaby (main campus), Surrey, British Columbia, Surrey, and ...
in Burnaby, British Columbia. He taught primary and secondary school in British Columbia and lectured at Simon Fraser and
British Columbia Institute of Technology The British Columbia Institute of Technology (also referred to as BCIT), is a public polytechnic institute in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. The technical institute has five campuses located in the Metro Vancouver region, with its main cam ...
before taking a position at
James Cook University James Cook University (JCU) is a public university in North Queensland, Australia. The second oldest university in Queensland, JCU is a teaching and research institution. The university's main campuses are located in the tropical cities of Cair ...
, Australia in 1984. He received his Ph. D. from Simon Fraser University in 1985.


Career

Luke taught at
James Cook University James Cook University (JCU) is a public university in North Queensland, Australia. The second oldest university in Queensland, JCU is a teaching and research institution. The university's main campuses are located in the tropical cities of Cair ...
until 1995. From 1996 to 2003, he was Dean of Education at the
University of Queensland The University of Queensland is a Public university, public research university located primarily in Brisbane, the capital city of the Australian state of Queensland. Founded in 1909 by the Queensland parliament, UQ is one of the six sandstone ...
, and Deputy Director General for Education for
Queensland Queensland ( , commonly abbreviated as Qld) is a States and territories of Australia, state in northeastern Australia, and is the second-largest and third-most populous state in Australia. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Austr ...
from 1999 to 2000. Until 2003, Luke was the Chief Educational Advisor to the Queensland Minister of Education. From 2003 to 2005, Luke was the Foundation Dean of the Centre for Research in Pedagogy and Practice at the National Institute of Education at
Nanyang Technological University Nanyang Technological University (NTU) is a public research university in Singapore. Founded in 1981, it is also the second oldest autonomous university in the country. The university is organised across numerous colleges and schools, includi ...
, in
Singapore Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in Southeast Asia. The country's territory comprises one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet. It is about one degree ...
. In 2006, Luke has returned to a position as research professor at
Queensland University of Technology The Queensland University of Technology (QUT) is a public university, public research university located in the city of Brisbane in Queensland, Australia. It has two major campuses, a modern city campus in Gardens Point, Brisbane, Gardens Point ...
in
Brisbane, Australia Brisbane ( ; ) is the List of Australian capital cities, capital and largest city of the States and territories of Australia, state of Queensland and the list of cities in Australia by population, third-most populous city in Australia, with a ...
.


Four Resources Model

In the early 1990s, Luke and Peter Freebody introduced the Four Resources Model in literacy education.Freebody, P., & Luke, A. (1990). Literacies programs: Debates and demands in cultural context. Prospect: Australian Journal of TESOL, 5(7), 7-16. This model seeks to reconcile the debates between
whole language Whole language is a philosophy of reading and a discredited educational method originally developed for teaching literacy in English to young children. The method became a major model for education in the United States, Canada, New Zealand, and ...
,
phonics Phonics is a method for teaching reading and writing to beginners. To use phonics is to teach the relationship between the sounds of the spoken language (phonemes), and the letters (graphemes) or groups of letters or syllables of the written ...
, critical literacy and others. This model postulates that in order to be a fully literate citizen, a person needs: # coding competence (the ability to decode text, i.e. phonics) # semantic competence (the ability to make meaning, i.e. comprehension) # pragmatic competence (every day, functional literacy, i.e. writing a check, reading the newspaper, filling out a job application, etc.) # critical competence (the ability to critically select and analyze texts, i.e. avoiding scams, determining reliable sources of information, etc.) Luke and Freebody assert that no one of these resources is sufficient by itself but that each is essential. Further, the resources are not meant to indicate a sequence of instruction. Different resources should be present in instruction in varying amounts, depending upon the needs of the students. Luke has also stated that critical competence, far from being an advanced area of study, can begin to be developed in year one of education and before.


Personal history

Allan Luke is a third-generation
Chinese-American Chinese Americans are Americans of Chinese ancestry. Chinese Americans constitute a subgroup of East Asian Americans which also constitute a subgroup of Asian Americans. Many Chinese Americans have ancestors from mainland China, Hong Kong ...
by birth. He is an Australian and Canadian dual citizen. He grew up in Los Angeles and attended school in Echo Park and Silverlake. In 1973, he moved to Canada to attend
Simon Fraser University Simon Fraser University (SFU) is a Public university, public research university in British Columbia, Canada. It maintains three campuses in Greater Vancouver, respectively located in Burnaby (main campus), Surrey, British Columbia, Surrey, and ...
. His partner Carmen Luke published major work on feminism, sociology and media literacy. Luke worked as a substitute teacher in the schools of the
Fraser Valley The Fraser Valley is a geographical region in southwestern British Columbia, Canada and northwestern Washington State. It starts just west of Hope in a narrow valley encompassing the Fraser River and ends at the Pacific Ocean stretching from th ...
. He studied primary education with Kieran Egan. In 1975,
Jonathan Kozol Jonathan Kozol (born September 5, 1936) is an American writer, progressivism in the United States, progressive activist, and educator, best known for his books on public education in the United States. Education and experience Born to Harry Ko ...
, who had just published ''The Night is Dark and I am Far From Home'', came to SFU as a guest lecturer. He introduced Luke to the works of
Paulo Freire Paulo Reglus Neves Freire (19 September 1921 – 2 May 1997) was a Brazilian educator and philosopher whose work revolutionized global thought on education. He is best known for ''Pedagogy of the Oppressed'', in which he reimagines teaching ...
, including Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Luke describes this as a life-changing event. Luke initially had difficulty finding a job as a primary teacher, which he believes was due to prejudice against
Asian people "Asian people" (sometimes "Asiatic people")United States National Library of Medicine. Medical Subject Headings. 2004. November 17, 200Nlm.nih.gov: ''Asian Continental Ancestry Group'' is also used for categorical purposes. is an umbrella term ...
still prevalent in
Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...
at the time. In Armstrong, British Columbia, he was hired at a rural secondary school teaching English, drama, and Spanish. When the first wave of Vietnamese immigrants arrived in Canada in 1976, he was asked to teach ESL, although he had no training or background in ESL at the time. Luke worked toward his Ph.D. in Sociology of Literacy, an emergent area of research. At the time, literacy was thought to be a
cognitive Cognition is the "mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses". It encompasses all aspects of intellectual functions and processes such as: perception, attention, thought, ...
and
psycholinguistic Psycholinguistics or psychology of language is the study of the interrelation between linguistic factors and psychological aspects. The discipline is mainly concerned with the mechanisms by which language is processed and represented in the mind ...
process that had little to do with social factors, including class, race, and identity. He was supervised by Suzanne DeCastell, a Canadian philosopher of education. As he reached the end of his Ph.D., he received a job offer from
James Cook University James Cook University (JCU) is a public university in North Queensland, Australia. The second oldest university in Queensland, JCU is a teaching and research institution. The university's main campuses are located in the tropical cities of Cair ...
in
Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...
. He moved there in 1984 and became the first non-white professor on faculty. Luke taught reading/language arts methods and was assigned to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander teacher education program. Luke taught and worked with an important generation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander teachers, researchers and educational leaders. In 2013, he chaired and co-authored the most extensive empirical study of Australian Indigenous school reform to date, leading to a comprehensive research report to the federal government.


Awards and honors

* 1989 Educational Press Association of America Merit Award * 2000 Honorary Doctorate of Philosophy Rajabhat University, Thailand * 2001 Annual Radford Lecture, Australian Association for Research in Education * 2002 Inducted into the
International Reading Association The International Literacy Association (ILA), formerly the International Reading Association (IRA), is an international global advocacy and member professional organization that was created in 1956 to improve reading instruction, facilitate dial ...
Hall of Fame * 2002 Honorary Professorship from
Beijing Normal University Beijing Normal University (BNU) () is a public university in Haidian, Beijing, Haidian, Beijing, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education (China), Ministry of Education of China, and co-funded by the Ministry of Education and the B ...
* 2002 Gold Medal of Australian College of Education * 2003 IBM/Bulletin Australian Educator of the Year * 2005 Honorary Doctorate of Laws from Simon Fraser University * 2005 American Educational Research Association Curriculum Studies Book Award * 2011 Distinguished Research Address, American Educational Research Association * 2012 Honorary Professorship from Beijing Normal University * 2013 Honorary Lifetime Member – Queensland Teachers' Union * 2013 Award for Research Excellence – Australian Literacy Educators' Association * 2014 Honorary Doctorate of Education from James Cook University * 2015 Officer of the Order of Australia * 2016 Distinguished Scholar Lifetime Achievement Award – Literacy Research Association (US)


References


Suggested further reading

see: http://eprints.qut.edu.au/view/person/Luke,_Allan.html * Albright, J. & Luke, A. (Eds) (2008) Pierre Bourdieu and Literacy Education. New York: Routledge. * Baker, C.D. & Luke, A. (Eds) (1991) Towards a Critical Sociology of Reading. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. * Baldauf, R. & Luke, A. (Eds) (1990) Language Planning and Education in Australasia and the South Pacific. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters. * Carrington, V. & Luke, A. (1997). Literacy and Bourdieu's sociological theory: A reframing. ''Language and Education, 11(2),'' 96–112. * de Castell, S.C., Luke, A., & Egan, K. (Eds) (1986) Literacy, Society and Schooling. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. * de Castell, S.C., Luke, A., & Luke, C. (Eds) (1989) Language Authority and Criticism: Readings on the school textbook. London: Falmer Press. * Freebody, P., & Luke, A. (1990). Literacies programs: Debates and demands in cultural context. Prospect: Australian Journal of TESOL, 5(7), 7–16. * Green, B., Hodgens, J., & Luke, A. (1994) Debating Literacy in Australia : a documentary history, 1945 - 1994. Sydney: Australian Literacy Federation. * Luke, A. (1993) The Social Construction of Literacy in the Primary School. Melbourne: Macmillan. * Luke, Allan (2008) Another ethnic autobiography? Childhood and the cultural economy of looking. In: Hammer, R. & Kellner, D. (Eds.) Critical Cultural Studies Reader. Peter Lang, New York. * Luke, A. (2004). Two takes on the critical. In B. Norton & K. Toohey (Eds.), Critical pedagogy and language learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. * Luke, A. (2003). Literacy and the other: A sociological approach to literacy research and policy in multilingual societies. Reading Research Quarterly, 38(1), 132–141. * Luke, A. (2003). After the marketplace: Evidence, social science and educational research. Australian Educational Researcher, 30(2), 87–107. * Luke, A. (2000). Critical literacy in Australia: A matter of context and standpoint. ''Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 43'' (5), 448–461. * Luke, A. (1997). Genres of power: Literacy education and the production of capital. In R. Hasan & G. Williams (Eds.), Literacy in society (pp. 308–338). London: Longman. * Luke, A. (1988) Literacy, Textbooks and Ideology: Postwar literacy instruction and the mythology of Dick and Jane. London: Falmer. * Luke, A. (1992). ''Reading and Critical Literacy: Redefining the "Great Debate". Paper of the 18th New Zealand Conference on Reading. Wellington. May 10–13, 1992.'
Full text available from ERIC.
* Luke, A. (2018) Critical Literacy, Schooling and Social Justice. New York: Routledge. * Luke, A. (2019) Educational Policy, Narrative and Discourse. New York: Routledge. * Luke, A. Cazden, C. et al. (2013) A summative evaluation of the Stronger Smarter Learning Project, vols. 1 and 2. Brisbane/Canberra: Queensland University of Technology/Department of Employment, Education and Vocational Training. (http://eprints.qut.edu.au/statistics/eprint/59535/) * Luke, A. & Gilbert, P. (Eds) (1991) Literacy in Contexts. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. * Luke, A., O'Brien, J., & Comber, B. (1994). Making community texts objects of study. ''Australian Journal of Language and Literacy'', 17(2), 139–149. * Luke, A., Woods, A. & Weir, K. (2012) Curriculum, Syllabus Design and Equity. New York: Routledge. * Milojevic, I., Luke, A., Luke, C. , Mills, M., & Land, R. (2002) Moving Forward: Students and teachers against racism. Melbourne: Eleanor Curtin Publishers. * Mu, G.M., Dooley, K. & Luke, A. (2019) Bourdieu and Chinese Education. New York: Routledge. * Muspratt, S., Luke, A., & Freebody, P. (1997) Constructing critical literacies. Sydney: Allen & Unwin; and Cresskills, NJ: Hampton. * New London Group (1996). A pedagogy of multiliteracies: Designing social futures. Harvard Educational Review 66(1), 60–89. * Nozaki, Y., Openshaw, R., & Luke, A. (Eds) (2005) Struggles Over Difference: Curriculum, texts and pedagogy in the Asia-Pacific. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. {{DEFAULTSORT:Luke, Allan Living people American educational theorists American people of Chinese descent Academic staff of the British Columbia Institute of Technology Simon Fraser University alumni University of California, Santa Barbara alumni Academic staff of Queensland University of Technology Officers of the Order of Australia 1950 births