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The gens Alliena or Aliena was a minor
plebeian In ancient Rome, the plebeians or plebs were the general body of free Roman citizens who were not patricians, as determined by the census, or in other words "commoners". Both classes were hereditary. Etymology The precise origins of the gro ...
family of the
Roman Republic The Roman Republic ( ) was the era of Ancient Rome, classical Roman civilisation beginning with Overthrow of the Roman monarchy, the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establis ...
. The first member of the
gens In ancient Rome, a gens ( or , ; : gentes ) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same ''nomen gentilicium'' and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens, sometimes identified by a distinct cognomen, was cal ...
to achieve prominence was Lucius Alienus,
plebeian aedile Aedile ( , , from , "temple edifice") was an elected office of the Roman Republic. Based in Rome, the aediles were responsible for maintenance of public buildings () and regulation of public festivals. They also had powers to enforce public orde ...
in 454 BC. However, the family then slipped into obscurity for several centuries, emerging once more in the first century BC.


Origin

The nomen ''Allienus'' belongs to a class of gentilicia formed using the suffix ', typically appearing in names formed from other gentilicia with stems ending in '. Despite its resemblance to the
Latin Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area aroun ...
adjective, ''alienus'', "a stranger", the nomen does not seem to be Latin, but is frequently found in and around
Picenum Picenum was a region of ancient Italy. The name was assigned by the Romans, who conquered and incorporated it into the Roman Republic. Picenum became ''Regio V'' in the Augustan territorial organisation of Roman Italy. It is now in Marche ...
. As a personal ''
cognomen A ''cognomen'' (; : ''cognomina''; from ''co-'' "together with" and ''(g)nomen'' "name") was the third name of a citizen of ancient Rome, under Roman naming conventions. Initially, it was a nickname, but lost that purpose when it became hereditar ...
'' in the
Etruscan __NOTOC__ Etruscan may refer to: Ancient civilization *Etruscan civilization (1st millennium BC) and related things: **Etruscan language ** Etruscan architecture **Etruscan art **Etruscan cities **Etruscan coins **Etruscan history **Etruscan myt ...
gens Caecinia, it may have been derived from the adjective.


Praenomina

The main
praenomina The praenomen (; plural: praenomina) was a first name chosen by the parents of a Ancient Rome, Roman child. It was first bestowed on the ''dies lustricus'' (day of lustration), the eighth day after the birth of a girl, or the ninth day after the ...
of the Allieni were '' Aulus'', ''
Gaius Gaius, sometimes spelled Caius, was a common Latin praenomen; see Gaius (praenomen). People * Gaius (biblical figure) (1st century AD) *Gaius (jurist) (), Roman jurist * Gaius Acilius * Gaius Antonius * Gaius Antonius Hybrida * Gaius Asinius Gal ...
'', ''
Lucius Lucius is a masculine given name derived from Lucius (Latin ; ), abbreviated L., one of the small group of common Latin forenames () found in the culture of ancient Rome. Lucius probably derives from Latin word ( gen. ), meaning "light" (<
'', and '' Manius'', of which the first three were common throughout all periods of Roman history, although ''Manius'' was more distinctive, favored by some families and avoided by most others, perhaps due to confusion with the
Manes In ancient Roman religion, the ''Manes'' (, , ) or ''Di Manes'' are chthonic deities sometimes thought to represent souls of deceased loved ones. They were associated with the '' Lares'', '' Lemures'', '' Genii'', and '' Di Penates'' as deities ...
, the spirits of the dead. Some of the Allieni used other names, including ''
Quintus Quintus is a male given name derived from ''Quintus (praenomen), Quintus'', a common Latin language, Latin forename (''praenomen'') found in the culture of ancient Rome. Quintus derives from Latin word ''quintus'', meaning "fifth". Quintus is ...
'', ''
Tiberius Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus ( ; 16 November 42 BC – 16 March AD 37) was Roman emperor from AD 14 until 37. He succeeded his stepfather Augustus, the first Roman emperor. Tiberius was born in Rome in 42 BC to Roman politician Tiberius Cl ...
'', ''
Titus Titus Caesar Vespasianus ( ; 30 December 39 – 13 September AD 81) was Roman emperor from 79 to 81. A member of the Flavian dynasty, Titus succeeded his father Vespasian upon his death, becoming the first Roman emperor ever to succeed h ...
'', '' Marcus'', and '' Publius'', of which only ''Tiberius'' was relatively uncommon. ''
Spurius Spurius is a small genus of passalid beetles from Mesoamerica Mesoamerica is a historical region and cultural area that begins in the southern part of North America and extends to the Pacific coast of Central America, thus comprising the l ...
'', although it occurs in two filiations of this gens, probably does not represent the praenomen, which was falling out of use by the first century, but indicates that their fathers were unknown; as with ''Manius'', this usage seems to be the result of confusion between the name and an unrelated word, ''spurius'', meaning "illegitimate".


Members

* Lucius Alienus, one of the
plebeian aedile Aedile ( , , from , "temple edifice") was an elected office of the Roman Republic. Based in Rome, the aediles were responsible for maintenance of public buildings () and regulation of public festivals. They also had powers to enforce public orde ...
s in 454 BC, accused Gaius Veturius Cicurinus, the consul of the preceding year, of misappropriating the spoils of war by selling them and diverting the profits to the Roman treasury. * Aulus Alienus, built a family sepulchre at Rome, dating to the middle of the first century BC. * Aulus Allienus,
praetor ''Praetor'' ( , ), also ''pretor'', was the title granted by the government of ancient Rome to a man acting in one of two official capacities: (i) the commander of an army, and (ii) as an elected ''magistratus'' (magistrate), assigned to disch ...
in 49 BC, with
Sicilia Sicily (Italian and ), officially the Sicilian Region (), is an island in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula in continental Europe and is one of the 20 regions of Italy. With 4.7 million inhabitants, including 1. ...
as his province, and later served as
proconsul A proconsul was an official of ancient Rome who acted on behalf of a Roman consul, consul. A proconsul was typically a former consul. The term is also used in recent history for officials with delegated authority. In the Roman Republic, military ...
in
Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surfac ...
under
Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (12 or 13 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war. He ...
. A
legate Legate may refer to: People * Bartholomew Legate (1575–1611), English martyr * Julie Anne Legate (born 1972), Canadian linguistics professor * William LeGate (born 1994), American entrepreneur Political and religious offices *Legatus, a hig ...
of Publius Cornelius Dolabella in 43 BC, he was sent to
Egypt Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...
, in order to return with four legions stationed there, and on his return joined his forces to those of
Gaius Cassius Longinus Gaius Cassius Longinus (; – 3 October 42 BC) was a Roman senator and general best known as a leading instigator of the plot to assassinate Julius Caesar on 15 March 44 BC. He was the brother-in-law of Brutus, another leader of the conspir ...
, in command of eight legions. * Aulus Allienus Cerdo, buried at Rome in the latter half of the first century BC, along with Alliena Chreste and Cocceia Fausta.. * Alliena Chreste, buried at Rome in the latter half of the first century BC, along with Aulus Allienus Cerdo and Cocceia Fausta. * Lucius Allienus M. f., buried at Bovianum Undecimanorum in
Samnium Samnium () is a Latin exonym for a region of Southern Italy anciently inhabited by the Samnites. Their own endonyms were ''Safinim'' for the country (attested in one inscription and one coin legend) and ''Safineis'' for the The language of t ...
, in a tomb dating from the latter half of the first century BC, or the early first century AD, along with his mother, Pontidia. * Aulus Allienus Charito, buried at
Brundisium Brindisi ( ; ) is a city in the region of Apulia in southern Italy, the capital of the province of Brindisi, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. Historically, the city has played an essential role in trade and culture due to its strategic positio ...
in
Calabria Calabria is a Regions of Italy, region in Southern Italy. It is a peninsula bordered by the region Basilicata to the north, the Ionian Sea to the east, the Strait of Messina to the southwest, which separates it from Sicily, and the Tyrrhenian S ...
, in a tomb dating from the late first century BC, or the early first century AD. * Aulus Allienus Primus, made a donation at Vibinum in
Apulia Apulia ( ), also known by its Italian language, Italian name Puglia (), is a Regions of Italy, region of Italy, located in the Southern Italy, southern peninsular section of the country, bordering the Adriatic Sea to the east, the Strait of Ot ...
, dating from the reign of
Augustus Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian (), was the founder of the Roman Empire, who reigned as the first Roman emperor from 27 BC until his death in A ...
. He was probably the father of Aulus Allienus Laetus, as the two are mentioned together in two inscriptions. . * Aulus Allienus A. f. Laetus, a ''praefectus fabrum'', or engineering foreman, at Vibinum, according to an inscription dating from the end of the first century BC, or the early first century AD. The same inscriptions mention Aulus Allienus Primus, perhaps his father. * Alliena, the mistress of Nicomedes, a young slave buried at Rome, aged four, in a tomb dating from the first half of the first century. * Allienus, buried at Fulginiae in
Umbria Umbria ( ; ) is a Regions of Italy, region of central Italy. It includes Lake Trasimeno and Cascata delle Marmore, Marmore Falls, and is crossed by the Tiber. It is the only landlocked region on the Italian Peninsula, Apennine Peninsula. The re ...
, in a tomb built by his wife and
client Client(s) or The Client may refer to: * Client (business) * Client (computing), hardware or software that accesses a remote service on another computer * Customer or client, a recipient of goods or services in return for monetary or other valuable ...
, Romanilla, and dating from the first half of the first century. * Lucius Allienus, a native of
Sardinia Sardinia ( ; ; ) is the Mediterranean islands#By area, second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, and one of the Regions of Italy, twenty regions of Italy. It is located west of the Italian Peninsula, north of Tunisia an ...
, and veteran of the Legio VI, buried at
Ateste Ateste () (modern Este, Italy) was an ancient town of Venetia, at the southern foot of the Euganean hills, 43 feet above sea-level and 22 miles southwest of Patavium (modern Padua). The site was occupied in very early times, as archaeology begun ...
in
Venetia and Histria Venetia et Histria (Latin: ''Regio X Venetia et Histria'') was an administrative subdivision in the northeast of Roman Italy. It was originally created by Augustus as the tenth ''regio'' in 7 AD alongside the nine other ''regiones''. The region h ...
, aged twenty-five, in a tomb dating from the first half of the first century. * Aulus Allienus Alexander, named in an inscription from Rome, dating from the first half of the first century. * Manius Allienus M'. l. Antiochus, a freedman named in a sepulchral inscription from Rome, dating from the first half of the first century, along with the freedwoman Alliena Daphnis, Manius Allienus Romanus, and two children of the same family.. * Quintus Allienus Q. l. Chresimus, a freedman named in an inscription belonging to the family sepulchre of the
duumvir Diarchy (from Greek , ''di-'', "double", and , ''-arkhía'', "ruled"),Occasionally spelled ''dyarchy'', as in the '' Encyclopaedia Britannica'' article on the colonial British institution duarchy, or duumvirate. is a form of government chara ...
Lucius Magneius Niger at
Frusino Frosinone (; local dialect: ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Italian region of Lazio, administrative seat of the province of Frosinone. It is about southeast of Rome, close to the Rome-Naples A1 Motorway. The city is the main city of the ...
in
Latium Latium ( , ; ) is the region of central western Italy in which the city of Rome was founded and grew to be the capital city of the Roman Empire. Definition Latium was originally a small triangle of fertile, volcanic soil (Old Latium) on whic ...
, dating to the first half of the first century. * Alliena M'. l. Daphnis, a freedwoman named in a sepulchral inscription from Rome, dating from the first half of the first century, along with the freedman Manius Allienus Antiochus, Manius Allienus Romanus, and two children of the same family. * Aulus Allienus A. l. Eunomus, a freedman buried at Rome, in a tomb dating from the first half of the first century. * Alliena G .. named in a sepulchral inscription at Rome, dating from the first half of the first century, as the sister of Thall ..Mar .. * Manius Allienus Sp. f. Romanus, buried at Rome, aged twenty-two, in a sepulchre dating from the first half of the first century, along with a girl, aged seven, and a boy also named Manius Allienus Romanus, aged eleven. The inscription also names the freedman, Manius Allienus Antiochus and the freedwoman Alliena Daphnis, whose former master had been named Manius. * Manius Allienus Sp. f. Romanus, a boy buried at Rome, aged eleven, in a family sepulchre dating from the first half of the first century, along with a young man of the same name, aged twenty-two, and a girl aged seven. The inscription also names the freedman, Manius Allienus Antiochus and the freedwoman Alliena Daphnis, whose former master had been named Manius. * Aulus Allienus, named in an inscription honouring
Tiberius Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus ( ; 16 November 42 BC – 16 March AD 37) was Roman emperor from AD 14 until 37. He succeeded his stepfather Augustus, the first Roman emperor. Tiberius was born in Rome in 42 BC to Roman politician Tiberius Cl ...
at Brundisium, dating from AD 33. * Aulus Allienus A. l. Priamus, donated a pedestal to
Fortuna Fortuna (, equivalent to the Greek mythology, Greek goddess Tyche) is the goddess of fortune and the personification of luck in Religion in ancient Rome, Roman religion who, largely thanks to the Late Antique author Boethius, remained popular thr ...
at Rome, dating from the early or middle part of the first century. * Allienus, a child buried in a first century tomb at Rome. * Gaius Allienus Epigonus, a soldier serving in the
century A century is a period of 100 years or 10 decades. Centuries are numbered ordinally in English and many other languages. The word ''century'' comes from the Latin ''centum'', meaning ''one hundred''. ''Century'' is sometimes abbreviated as c. ...
of Gaius Cornelius Successus at Rome in AD 70.. * Gaius Allienus Felix Major, a soldier serving in the century of Tiberius Julius Primigenius at Rome in AD 70. His name is recorded in an inscription, followed by that of Gaius Allienus Felix Minor, likely his son, apparently deceased. * Gaius Allienus Felix Minor, a deceased soldier who had served in the century of Tiberius Julius Primigenius at Rome in AD 70. His name is recorded in an inscription, preceded by that of Gaius Allienus Felix Major, likely his father. * Tiberius Alienus Caecina, the owner of a house in Rome for which lead piping, dating from the middle or late first century, was made by Tiberius Claudius Felix. * Lucius Allienus A. f. Falerna Basus, named in a late first-century inscription from Rome. * Tiberius Allienus Sicinius Quintianus,
tribune of the plebs Tribune of the plebs, tribune of the people or plebeian tribune () was the first office of the Roman Republic, Roman state that was open to the plebs, plebeians, and was, throughout the history of the Republic, the most important check on the pow ...
in AD 98. * Tiberius Allienus Philippus, buried in a first- or second-century tomb at Rome, along with his wife, Herennia Lacaena, and other members of the
Herennia gens The gens Herennia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome. Members of this gens are first mentioned among the Italian nobility during the Samnite Wars, and they appear in the Roman consular list beginning in 93 BC. In Imperial times they held a ...
. * Allienus Proculus, a potter whose maker's mark has been found at Ostia in Latium, dating to AD 113. * Manius Allienus, named in pottery stamps found at Rome, dating from AD 123; perhaps to be identified with Manius Allienus Charito, whose pottery stamps are undated. * Aliena T. f. Berenice, buried in a second-century tomb at
Firmum Picenum Fermo (; ancient: Firmum Picenum) is a town and ''comune'' of the Marche, Italy, in the Province of Fermo. Fermo is on a hill, the Sabulo, elevation , on a branch from Porto San Giorgio on the Adriatic coast railway. History The oldest huma ...
in
Picenum Picenum was a region of ancient Italy. The name was assigned by the Romans, who conquered and incorporated it into the Roman Republic. Picenum became ''Regio V'' in the Augustan territorial organisation of Roman Italy. It is now in Marche ...
, dedicated by her husband and son, both named Gaius Vettius Polus. * Gaius Allienus Pudens, buried at Rome, together with his son, Pudens, in a tomb dedicated by his wife, Alliena Successa, dating between the middle of the second century and the middle of the third.. * Gaius Allienus C. f. Pudens, buried at Rome with his father, also named Gaius Allienus Pudens, in a tomb built by his mother, Alliena Successa, dating between the middle of the second century and the middle of the third.


Undated Allieni

* Gaius Allienus C. f., buried at
Tibur Tivoli ( ; ; ) is a town and in Lazio, Central Italy, north-east of Rome, at the falls of the Aniene river where it issues from the Sabine Hills. The city offers a wide view over the Roman Campagna. History Gaius Julius Solinus cites Cato ...
in Latium, along with Aulia Rufa. * Gaius Allienus T. f., a centurion buried at Tuder in Umbria. * Manius Allienus Charito, named in pottery stamps found at Rome. * Quintus Allienus Ɔ. l. Felix, a freedman named in an inscription from Rome. * Gaius Alienus Maturus, named in an inscription from
Augustonemetum Clermont-Ferrand (, , ; or simply ; ) is a city and commune of France, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, with a population of 147,284 (2020). Its metropolitan area () had 504,157 inhabitants at the 2018 census.Aquitania Gallia Aquitania (, ), also known as Aquitaine or Aquitaine Gaul, was a province of the Roman Empire. It lies in present-day southwest France and the comarca of Val d'Aran in northeast Spain, where it gives its name to the modern region of Aquit ...
. * Aulus Allienus Niceros, a little boy buried at Rome, aged two years, thirty days. * Quintus Allienus Pef .. named in an inscription from
Ariminum Rimini ( , ; or ; ) is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northern Italy. Sprawling along the Adriatic Sea, Rimini is situated at a strategically-important north-south passage along the coast at the southern tip of the Po Valley. It is o ...
in
Picenum Picenum was a region of ancient Italy. The name was assigned by the Romans, who conquered and incorporated it into the Roman Republic. Picenum became ''Regio V'' in the Augustan territorial organisation of Roman Italy. It is now in Marche ...
, along with his mother, Caeeidia, identifying them as
Picentes The Picentes or Piceni or Picentini were an ancient Italic peoples, Italic people who lived from the 9th to the 3rd century BC in the area between the Foglia and Aterno rivers, bordered to the west by the Apennines and to the east by the Adriatic ...
. * Marcus Allienus Peregrinus, named in a bronze inscription from Neapolis in
Campania Campania is an administrative Regions of Italy, region of Italy located in Southern Italy; most of it is in the south-western portion of the Italian Peninsula (with the Tyrrhenian Sea to its west), but it also includes the small Phlegraean Islan ...
. * Gaius Alienus Primigenius, named in an inscription from Tuder. * Allienus Proclus, the owner of an estate at Rome, according to several pottery stamps. * Lucius Allienus Speratus, buried at Rome. * Publius Allienus P. f. Victor, a
centurion In the Roman army during classical antiquity, a centurion (; , . ; , or ), was a commander, nominally of a century (), a military unit originally consisting of 100 legionaries. The size of the century changed over time; from the 1st century BC ...
in the
Legio IV Flavia Felix Legio IV Flavia Felix ("Lucky Flavian Fourth Legion"), was a Roman legion, legion of the Imperial Roman army founded in AD 70 by the emperor Vespasian (r. 69–79) from the Cadre (military), cadre of the disbanded Legio IV Macedonica, Legio IV ' ...
, dedicated a tomb at Rome for his mother, Maria Decimina..


See also

* *


Notes


References

{{reflist


Bibliography

*
Marcus Tullius Cicero Marcus Tullius Cicero ( ; ; 3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, orator, writer and Academic skeptic, who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises tha ...
, ''
Epistulae ad Atticum ''Epistulae ad Atticum'' (Latin for "Letters to Atticus") is a collection of letters from Roman politician and orator Marcus Tullius Cicero to his close friend Titus Pomponius Atticus. The letters in this collection, together with Cicero's oth ...
'', ''
Epistulae ad Familiares ''Epistulae ad Familiares'' (''Letters to Friends'') is a collection of letters between Ancient Rome, Roman politician and orator Cicero, Marcus Tullius Cicero and various public and private figures. The letters in this collection, together wit ...
'', '' Epistulae ad Quintum Fratrem'', ''
Philippicae The ''Philippics'' () are a series of 14 speeches composed by Cicero in 44 and 43 BC, condemning Mark Antony. Cicero likened these speeches to those of Demosthenes against Philip II of Macedon; both Demosthenes' and Cicero's speeches became ...
''. *
Aulus Hirtius Aulus Hirtius (; – 43 BC) was consul of the Roman Republic in 43 BC and a writer on military subjects. He was killed during his consulship in battle against Mark Antony at the Battle of Mutina. Biography He was a legate of Julius Caesar's st ...
(attributed), ''
De Bello Africo ''De Bello Africo'' (also ''Bellum Africum''; ''On the African War'') is a Latin work continuing Julius Caesar's accounts of his campaigns, '' De Bello Gallico'' and '' De Bello Civili'', and its sequel by an unknown author '' De Bello Alexandri ...
'' (On the African War). *
Dionysius of Halicarnassus Dionysius of Halicarnassus (, ; – after 7 BC) was a Greek historian and teacher of rhetoric, who flourished during the reign of Emperor Augustus. His literary style was ''atticistic'' – imitating Classical Attic Greek in its prime. ...
, ''Romaike Archaiologia'' (Roman Antiquities). * Titus Livius (
Livy Titus Livius (; 59 BC – AD 17), known in English as Livy ( ), was a Roman historian. He wrote a monumental history of Rome and the Roman people, titled , covering the period from the earliest legends of Rome before the traditional founding i ...
), ''
History of Rome The history of Rome includes the history of the city of Rome as well as the civilisation of ancient Rome. Roman history has been influential on the modern world, especially in the history of the Catholic Church, and Roman law has influenced m ...
''. * Appianus Alexandrinus (
Appian Appian of Alexandria (; ; ; ) was a Greek historian with Roman citizenship who prospered during the reigns of the Roman Emperors Trajan, Hadrian, and Antoninus Pius. He was born c. 95 in Alexandria. After holding the senior offices in the pr ...
), ''Bellum Civile'' (The Civil War). * ''
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology The ''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'' is a biographical dictionary of classical antiquity, edited by William Smith (lexicographer), William Smith and originally published in London by John Taylor (English publisher), Tayl ...
'',
William Smith William, Willie, Will, Bill, or Billy Smith may refer to: Academics * William Smith (Master of Clare College, Cambridge) (1556–1615), English academic * William Smith (antiquary) (c. 1653–1735), English antiquary and historian of University C ...
, ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1849). *
Theodor Mommsen Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen (; ; 30 November 1817 – 1 November 1903) was a German classical scholar, historian, jurist, journalist, politician and archaeologist. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest classicists of the 19th ce ...
''et alii'', ''
Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum The ''Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum'' (''CIL'') is a comprehensive collection of ancient Latin inscriptions. It forms an authoritative source for documenting the surviving epigraphy of classical antiquity. Public and personal inscriptions throw ...
'' (The Body of Latin Inscriptions, abbreviated ''CIL''), Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1853–present). * Wilhelm Henzen, ''Ephemeris Epigraphica: Corporis Inscriptionum Latinarum Supplementum'' (Journal of Inscriptions: Supplement to the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum), Institute of Roman Archaeology, Rome (1872–1913). * René Cagnat ''et alii'', ''
L'Année épigraphique ''L'Année épigraphique'' (''The Epigraphic Year'', standard abbreviation ''AE'') is a French publication on epigraphy (i.e the study of inscriptions or epigraphs as writing). It was set up by René Cagnat, as holder of the chair of 'Epigraphy a ...
'' (The Year in Epigraphy, abbreviated ''AE''), Presses Universitaires de France (1888–present). * George Davis Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina", in ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', vol. VIII, pp. 103–184 (1897). * T. Robert S. Broughton, ''The Magistrates of the Roman Republic'', American Philological Association (1952–1986). * ''Bollettino della reale Deputazione di Storia patria per l'Umbria'' (Bulletin of the Royal Deputation for the History of the Fatherland of Umbria). * Steven L. Tuck, ''Latin Inscriptions in the Kelsey Museum: The Dennison and De Criscio Collections'', Ann Arbor (2005). Roman gentes