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The Alliance of Antifascist Intellectuals for the Defense of Culture (''Alianza de Intelectuales Antifascistas para la Defensa de la Cultura'') was a civil organization created on July 30, 1936, after the
Spanish Civil War The Spanish Civil War () was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republican faction (Spanish Civil War), Republicans and the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalists. Republicans were loyal to the Left-wing p ...
began. It had its initial headquarters in Madrid and moved to Valencia, accompanying the government of the
Second Spanish Republic The Spanish Republic (), commonly known as the Second Spanish Republic (), was the form of democratic government in Spain from 1931 to 1939. The Republic was proclaimed on 14 April 1931 after the deposition of Alfonso XIII, King Alfonso XIII. ...
.


History

The origins of the organization dates back to 1935, during the I Congress of Antifascist Writers and the creation of the AIEDC (International Association of Writers in Defense of Culture), with the assistance of several Spanish delegates. The Alliance of Anti-Fascist Intellectuals for the Defense of Culture was organized as an athenaeum, with various committees or divisions for subject areas. In addition to general cultural and sociopolitical activity, manifestos, talks and appeals were made against the rise of fascism represented by Franco's revolted army. Other groups converged in the Alliance, such as the Union of Proletarian Writers and Artists (a group of activists of left-wing Valencians) and Accio d'Art (a dissident regionalist group from the Círculo de Bellas Artes de Valencia). The Alliance published bulletins and magazines, the first of which, ''Milicia Popular'', appeared on September 30, 1936, although the most important was '' El Mono Azul''. The activities were diverse and, at an international level; The one that caused the greatest impact was the II International Congress of Writers for the Defense of Culture, held between July 4 and 17, 1937, with headquarters in Valencia, but which also had events in Madrid (in a city almost besieged) and Barcelona, and closed in Paris.


Members

Its members included María Zambrano, Rafael Alberti,
Miguel Hernández Miguel Hernández Gilabert (30 October 1910 – 28 March 1942 ) was a 20th-century Spanish-language poet and playwright associated with the Generation of '27 and the Generation of '36 movements. Born and raised in a family of low resources, he ...
, José Bergamín, María Teresa León, Rosa Chacel,
Luis Buñuel Luis Buñuel Portolés (; 22 February 1900 – 29 July 1983) was a Spanish and Mexican filmmaker who worked in France, Mexico and Spain. He has been widely considered by many film critics, historians and directors to be one of the greatest and ...
, Eduardo Ugarte, Luis Cernuda, Pedro Garfias, Juan Chabás, Rodolfo Halffter, Ramón J. Sender, Emilio Prados, Manuel Altolaguirre, Max Aub, Plaja and Rafael Morales, among others. Foreign writers who collaborated with it included
Pablo Neruda Pablo Neruda ( ; ; born Ricardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto; 12 July 190423 September 1973) was a Chilean poet-diplomat and politician who won the 1971 Nobel Prize in Literature. Neruda became known as a poet when he was 13 years old an ...
,
Nicolás Guillén Nicolás Cristóbal Guillén Batista (10 July 1902 – 16 July 1989) was a Cuban poet, journalist and political activist. He is best remembered as the national poet of Cuba.
,
Ernest Hemingway Ernest Miller Hemingway ( ; July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American novelist, short-story writer and journalist. Known for an economical, understated style that influenced later 20th-century writers, he has been romanticized fo ...
,
César Vallejo César Abraham Vallejo Mendoza (March 16, 1892 – April 15, 1938) was a Peruvian poet, writer, playwright, and journalist. Although he published only two books of poetry during his lifetime, he is considered one of the great poetic innovators ...
, Raúl González Tuñón,
Octavio Paz Octavio Paz Lozano (March 31, 1914 – April 19, 1998) was a Mexican poet and diplomat. For his body of work, he was awarded the 1977 Jerusalem Prize, the 1981 Miguel de Cervantes Prize, the 1982 Neustadt International Prize for Literature, a ...
,
André Malraux Georges André Malraux ( ; ; 3 November 1901 – 23 November 1976) was a French novelist, art theorist, and minister of cultural affairs. Malraux's novel ''La Condition Humaine'' (''Man's Fate'') (1933) won the Prix Goncourt. He was appointed ...
and
Louis Aragon Louis Aragon (; 3 October 1897 – 24 December 1982) was a French poet who was one of the leading voices of the Surrealism, surrealist movement in France. He co-founded with André Breton and Philippe Soupault the surrealist review ''Littératur ...
.


References

{{Authority control 1936 establishments in Spain 1939 disestablishments in Spain Organizations established in 1936 Organizations disestablished in 1939 Anti-fascist organizations Anti-fascism in Spain