Edward Alfred Parland, russified and commonly known as Alfred Aleksandrovich Parland, rechristened since 1916 as Attik Aleksandrovich Parland ( — 16 September 1919), was a Russian architect of Scottish descent best known as the designer of the
Church of the Savior on Blood
The Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood (, ''Tserkovʹ Spasa na Krovi'') is a Russian Orthodox church in Saint Petersburg, Russia which currently functions as a secular museum and church at the same time. The structure was constructed between ...
, a masterpiece of the
Russian Revival style.
Early years and education
Edward Alfred Parland was born in St. Petersburg on , the son of Maria Caroline (''
née
The birth name is the name of the person given upon their birth. The term may be applied to the surname, the given name or to the entire name. Where births are required to be officially registered, the entire name entered onto a births registe ...
'' Hellmann) and Alexander Parland; he was of Scottish and German descent. A merchant family, the Parlands came to Russia in the late 18th century; the architect's paternal grandfather, John Parland, has taught English to
Tsar Paul I's children, and his maternal grandfather owned a factory in
Stuttgart
Stuttgart (; ; Swabian German, Swabian: ; Alemannic German, Alemannic: ; Italian language, Italian: ; ) is the capital city, capital and List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population, largest city of the States of Germany, German state of ...
. As a boy, Parland first studied at the St. Petersburg 4th Gymnasium (In 1836, on the 6th line of Vasilievsky Island, 15,
Fourth Classical (Larinskaya) Gymnasium for the sons of local merchants and "foreign negociants" was opened). Then he went at the
Stuttgart Polytechnical School. In 1862 Parland enrolled in the
Imperial Academy of Arts
The Imperial Academy of Arts, informally known as the Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts, was an art academy in Saint Petersburg, founded in 1757 by Ivan Shuvalov, the founder of the Imperial Moscow University, under the name ''Academy of th ...
. During his studies he was awarded five medals for his achievements in painting and architecture. On graduation in 1871 he received a gold medal along with the right to travel abroad on a grant of the Academy.
Work
During his career, Parland designed several religious buildings, the most famous of which is the
Church of the Resurrection of Christ in St. Petersburg. This building became the main work of Parland's life, as it was built over a quarter-century, and Parland oversaw the construction of the church until its completion in 1907. Afterward, he was responsible for its maintenance.
The fencing at the church was created in 1903-1907, following Parland's designs. This fencing has beautiful patterns formed by shod links with a large vegetative ornaments. It is characteristic of the early modernist style. The fencing stretches from the Benois Wing of the Russian Museum on the embankment of the Griboyedov Canal to the Moyka River.
Among the buildings designed by Parland is the Holy Resurrection Cathedral of the
Coastal Monastery of St. Sergius, which was designed immediately after Parland graduated from the St. Petersburg
Imperial Academy of Fine Arts
The Imperial Academy of Arts, informally known as the Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts, was an art academy in Saint Petersburg, founded in 1757 by Ivan Shuvalov, the founder of the Imperial Moscow University, under the name ''Academy of the ...
in 1877—1884. He was also responsible for the renovation of th
Znamenskaya Churchof the Life-Guards Horse-Grenadier Regiment (not preserved) in
Petergof
Petergof (), known as Petrodvorets () from 1944 to 1997, is a administrative divisions of Saint Petersburg, municipal town in Petrodvortsovy District of the federal cities of Russia, federal city of Saint Petersburg, St. Petersburg, located ...
in 1896. In 1910–1911 Parland joined the Committee for the Restoration of
Kazan Cathedral Kazan Cathedral may refer to:
* Kazan Cathedral, St. Petersburg (Cathedral of Our Lady of Kazan)
* Kazan Cathedral, Moscow (Cathedral of Our Lady of Kazan)
* Kazan Cathedral, Volgograd
* Kazan Cathedral, Havana
* Cathedral of the Annunciation in t ...
.
Recognition
Parland was offered a professorship in 1892, and in 1905 was made an honorary member of the Academy of Arts.
In 1907, after the completion of the Church of the Resurrection, Parland joined the staff of the
Ministry of the Imperial Court
The Ministry of the Imperial Court () was established in the Russian Empire in 1826, and embraced in one institution all the former separate branches of the Court administration.
The Ministry of the Court was under the personal cognizance of Empe ...
and was awarded several medals in his career path. Parland also was professor of Greek and Roman architecture at the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg .
Death
Parland died unmarried and childless, in St. Petersburg in 1919. He is buried in the
Smolensky Lutheran Cemetery
The Smolenskoye(-oe) Cemetery (in German ''Smolensker Friedhof'') is a Lutheran cemetery on Dekabristov Island in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is one of the largest and oldest non- orthodox cemeteries in the city. Until the early 20th century it ...
in St. Petersburg
Vasilyevsky Island
Vasilyevsky Island (, Vasilyevsky Ostrov, V.O.) is an island in Saint Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia, bordered by the Bolshaya Neva River, Bolshaya Neva and Malaya Neva Rivers (in the delta of the Neva River) in the south and northeast ...
.
Notes
References
Further reading
;General studies
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;Reference works
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External links
170th Anniversary of Alfred Parland
{{DEFAULTSORT:Parland, Alfred
1842 births
1919 deaths
Art Nouveau architects
Russian architects