Alexandru Dimitrie Xenopol

Alexandru Dimitrie Xenopol (; March 23, 1847, Iaşi – February 27, 1920, Bucharest) was a Romanian historian, philosopher, professor, economist, sociologist, and author. Among his many major accomplishments, he is the Romanian historian credited with authoring the first major synthesis of the history of the Romanian people.

Life

Born in Iaşi, where he graduated from high school, he went on to Vienna in 1870 to study law and then to Berlin, where he studied philosophy. In 1868, he made his debut in ''Convorbiri Literare'' with a series of studies on Romanian traditions and on Romanian institutions.

At first, Xenopol served as a prosecutor in Iaşi, but he later decided to dedicate himself to the study of history. Starting in 1883, he was a professor of universal history at the University of Iaşi, where he served as rector from 1898 to 1901. He was elected member of the Romanian Academy in 1893.

In his 1899 French-language ''Les Principes fondamentaux de l'histoire'' ("The Fundamental Principles of History"), his work most well known internationally, he argued for history being a true science which follows clearly defined laws and logic, through which the reasons for historical processes could be clearly defined.

His six-volume ''Istoria românilor din Dacia-Traiană'' ("The History of the Romanians in Trajan's Dacia"), completed between 1888 and 1893, strongly asserts that the Romanians are of predominantly Roman origin – a position further elaborated by the historian Nicolae Iorga, one of Xenopol's numerous pupils (see Origin of the Romanians).

Concerning events nearly two millennia in the past and being supported by multiple archaeological findings, it was still contested by some historians. It had, however, very concrete political implications – the Roman origin implying that Romanians are inherently different from their Slavic and Magyar neighbors. This, despite his disagreement with radical nationalists and objection to violence against Jews, unfortunately also translated to Xenopol being a noted anti-Semite and collaborator of A. C. Cuza. Though he died before the formation of the Iron Guard, Romania's notorious Fascist party, he is considered to be one of its sources of inspiration – according to the final report of the International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania.available through the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

Publications

*''Despre învăţământul şcolar în genere şi în deosebi despre acel al istoriei, Studii economice'' (1879)
*''Istoria românilor'' (1879)
*''Războiul dintre Ruşi şi Turci'', 2 vols. (1880)
*''Teoria lui Rösler'' (1884)
*''Memoriu asupra învăţământului superior în Moldova'' (1885)
*''Edutes historiques sur les peuples roumains'' (1887)
*''Istoria românilor din Dacia-Traiană'', 6 vols. (1888–1893)
*''Mihail Kogălniceanu'' (1895)
*''Industria mătăsei'' (1896)
*''Les Principes fondamentaux de l'histoire'' (1899) (in French)

References

Sources

*Dimitrie R. Rosetti, ''Dicţionarul contimporanilor'', Editura Lito-Tipografiei "Populara", 1897
''Final Report''
of the International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania (p. 17, 27, 33, 45)

{{DEFAULTSORT:Xenopol, Alexandru
Burials at Bellu Cemetery
Titular members of the Romanian Academy
19th-century Romanian historians
20th-century Romanian historians
19th-century Romanian lawyers
Alexandru Ioan Cuza University faculty
Rectors of Alexandru Ioan Cuza University
Junimists
1847 births
1920 deaths