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Alexander Kircher (Trieste, 26 February 1867 – 16 September 1939, Berlin) was an Austrian-German marine and landscape painter and illustrator. Many of his paintings can be seen in museums in
Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...
,
Austria Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine Federal states of Austria, states, of which the capital Vienna is the List of largest cities in Aust ...
,
Croatia Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a country in Central Europe, Central and Southeast Europe, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herze ...
, and
Slovenia Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia, is a country in Central Europe. It borders Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the south and southeast, and a short (46.6 km) coastline within the Adriati ...
while others are held by private owners in those same countries, as well as the
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,
Great Britain Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-west coast of continental Europe, consisting of the countries England, Scotland, and Wales. With an area of , it is the largest of the British Isles, the List of European ...
,
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, and
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. From time to time Kircher's paintings are presented for sale at such leading auction houses as
Christie's Christie's is a British auction house founded in 1766 by James Christie (auctioneer), James Christie. Its main premises are on King Street, St James's in London, and it has additional salerooms in New York, Paris, Hong Kong, Milan, Geneva, Shan ...
and
Bonhams Bonhams is a privately owned international auction house and one of the world's oldest and largest auctioneers of fine art and antiques. It was formed by the merger in November 2001 of Bonhams & Brooks and Phillips Son & Neale. This brought t ...
in London,
Sotheby's Sotheby's ( ) is a British-founded multinational corporation with headquarters in New York City. It is one of the world's largest brokers of fine art, fine and decorative art, jewellery, and collectibles. It has 80 locations in 40 countries, an ...
in New York, the Burchard Galleries in St. Petersburg, Florida, Stahl Hamburg, Van Ham Cologne, the Dorotheum in Vienna, and several others. The artist signed the majority of his paintings "Alex Kircher", sometimes adding the year of their creation. The Bergmann Auction House in Erlangen, Germany, maintains a directory of Kircher's various signature styles.


Life

Kircher was born in
Trieste Trieste ( , ; ) is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is the capital and largest city of the Regions of Italy#Autonomous regions with special statute, autonomous region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, as well as of the Province of Trieste, ...
, which belonged at that time to the
Austro-Hungarian Empire Austria-Hungary, also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Habsburg Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. A military and diplomatic alliance, it consist ...
(
Habsburg monarchy The Habsburg monarchy, also known as Habsburg Empire, or Habsburg Realm (), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities (composite monarchy) that were ruled by the House of Habsburg. From the 18th century it is ...
). As a young man he intended to choose the profession of a naval officer in the
Austro-Hungarian Navy The Austro-Hungarian Navy or Imperial and Royal War Navy (, in short ''k.u.k. Kriegsmarine'', ) was the navy, naval force of Austria-Hungary. Ships of the Austro-Hungarian Navy were designated ''SMS'', for ''Seiner Majestät Schiff'' (His Majes ...
. Because of a foot injury his application was rejected. In 1888 he opted for studying painting at the Berlin Academy, where he concentrated mainly on marine painting from the start. His teachers were Hans Gude and Hermann Eschke. Kircher made numerous study trips throughout Europa, Asia, North America and Egypt. During these travels, he made several important paintings, drawings and illustrations. In 1893 he worked on the picturesque decoration of buildings at the World Exhibition in Chicago as well as panoramas and dioramas of the marine painter :de:Hans von Petersen. In addition, Kircher worked as an illustrator for popular German and foreign magazines and publishers of which only a few can be mentioned: The Leipziger Illustrierte Zeitung or the modern illustrated weekly Reclams universe (Leipzig), the writings of the Austrian (Vienna) and the German fleet association (Berlin) and the Viennese publisher Philipp & Kramer, for which he designed the postcard series "Dalmatia and Istria". These include Feldpost, postcards which Kircher created for the Austrian Red Cross, the War Welfare Office or the War Aid Office and also for the London Postcard Publisher
Raphael Tuck & Sons Raphael Tuck & Sons was a business started by Raphael Tuck and his wife in Bishopsgate in the City of London in October 1866, selling pictures and greeting cards, and eventually selling postcards, which was their most successful line. Their busi ...
and the Swedish Postcards Publisher: "Gothenburg Lithographic AB and Meyer & Köster" etc. For some time Kircher owned a steam yacht, which he named ''Romana'' – this was his wife's name. With this ship he could better motives collect and draw maritime objects from the area. This he did for example in fleet parades. Between 1895 and 1900 he was a professor at the Art Academy in Trieste and married Romana Salmassi in the Chiesa di Sant'Antonio Taumaturgo on 15 October 1898. This marriage produced three sons and three daughters. In 1904, after a short stay in Vienna, Kircher moved from Trieste to
Dresden Dresden (; ; Upper Saxon German, Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; , ) is the capital city of the States of Germany, German state of Saxony and its second most populous city after Leipzig. It is the List of cities in Germany by population, 12th most p ...
, where he lived until 1906 and where he joined the General German Art Cooperative as a freelance artist. In 1906 the family moved to Moritzburg. From 1922 the Kirchers occupied a villa at 6 Jagdweg in Niederlößnitz and from 1933 to about 1935 they lived in Kötzschenbroda-Niederlößnitz. In June 1935, Kircher's wife died. The painter then moved to Klotzsche, where he took up residence in a building belonging to the former Air War School in that town. Influential members of the nobility and some industrialists – especially from the circles of Maritime Navigation – promoted the artist. First of them Emperor Franz Joseph I and Emperor Wilhelm II. On behalf of these two monarchs, Kircher painted numerous images of the
Austro-Hungarian Navy The Austro-Hungarian Navy or Imperial and Royal War Navy (, in short ''k.u.k. Kriegsmarine'', ) was the navy, naval force of Austria-Hungary. Ships of the Austro-Hungarian Navy were designated ''SMS'', for ''Seiner Majestät Schiff'' (His Majes ...
and the
Imperial German Navy The Imperial German Navy or the ''Kaiserliche Marine'' (Imperial Navy) was the navy of the German Empire, which existed between 1871 and 1919. It grew out of the small Prussian Navy (from 1867 the North German Federal Navy), which was mainly for ...
. His paintings were also found on the large passenger ships of the time, as well as in the offices of well known shipping companies and shipyards and of course also in private ownership. During World War II, several images got lost or disappeared. An example of the many lost images is the large oil painting of the steamship ''Columbus'' ("The Columbus in the Kaiser lock"). This painting was given by the
North German Lloyd Norddeutscher Lloyd (NDL; North German Lloyd) was a German shipping company. It was founded by Hermann Henrich Meier and Eduard Crüsemann in Bremen on 20 February 1857. It developed into one of the most important German shipping companies of th ...
as a gift to the city of
Bremerhaven Bremerhaven (; ) is a city on the east bank of the Weser estuary in northern Germany. It forms an exclave of the Bremen (state), city-state of Bremen. The Geeste (river), River Geeste flows through the city before emptying into the Weser. Brem ...
on the occasion of its 100th anniversary in 1927. The painting has disappeared at the end of World War II (1945). Others of his paintings have been preserved for posterity and can be seen in many museums today; see list of locations excerpt. Kircher concluded his life's work with a series of one hundred paintings which documented the development of German shipping over a millennium and which hung in the Institute and Museum of Oceanography MfM. of the University of Berlin. The current location of the works is unknown, reproductions have since appeared as an image panel work (1934) and in book form (1939) and recently only in parts on CD-ROM (2010). Meanwhile, 22 images, of which the majority is from the collection of MfM, were rediscovered in the archives of Wehrgeschichtliches Training Centre of the Naval Academy Mürwik in
Flensburg Flensburg (; Danish language, Danish and ; ; ) is an independent city, independent town in the far north of the Germany, German state of Schleswig-Holstein. After Kiel and Lübeck, it is the third-largest city in Schleswig-Holstein. Flensburg's ...
- Mürwik. Kircher died on 16 September 1939, in Berlin, the last place where he had worked. The painter was laid to rest in the family grave in Moritzburg, Saxony.


Awards and decorations

Kircher received the Spanish
Order of Isabella the Catholic The Royal Order of Isabella the Catholic (; Abbreviation, Abbr.: OYC) is a knighthood and one of the three preeminent Order of merit, orders of merit bestowed by the Kingdom of Spain, alongside the Order of Charles III (established in 1771) and ...
in February 1909 in the Spanish Embassy in Berlin. This award will be given for services to art and science.


Collection of paintings (excerpt)

* '' The Battle of Lissa''. Oil on canvas, 1918, 318 x 705 cm. Museum of Military History, Vienna. * Frigate . Oil on canvas, 118 x 100 cm. Military History Museum, Vienna. * Passenger ship ''Isonzo'' in the
Gulf of Trieste The Gulf of Trieste(, , , ) is a shallow bay of the Adriatic Sea, in the extreme northern part of the Adriatic Sea. It is part of the Gulf of Venice and is shared by Italy, Slovenia and Croatia. It is closed to the south by the peninsula of Ist ...
. Oil on canvas, 1917, 300 x 690 cm, Inv.-Nr.: BPA-012797. Technisches Museum, Vienna. * Ships of Tegetthoff class, in the foreground . Oil on canvas, 96 x 150 cm. Austrian Marine Association, Vienna. * . Oil on canvas, 50 x 75 cm. Archduke Franz Ferdinand Museum, Artstetten,
Lower Austria Lower Austria ( , , abbreviated LA or NÖ) is one of the nine states of Austria, located in the northeastern corner of the country. Major cities are Amstetten, Lower Austria, Amstetten, Krems an der Donau, Wiener Neustadt and Sankt Pölten, which ...
. * Cruiser frigates ''Stosch, Gneisenau and Stein''. Oil on canvas, 1938.
Naval Academy A naval academy provides education for prospective naval officers. List of naval academies See also

* Military academy {{Authority control Naval academies, Naval lists ...
, Flensburg-Mürwik. * in battle. Oil on canvas, 1910, 101 x 150 cm. City Museum Warleberger-Hof,
Kiel Kiel ( ; ) is the capital and most populous city in the northern Germany, German state of Schleswig-Holstein. With a population of around 250,000, it is Germany's largest city on the Baltic Sea. It is located on the Kieler Förde inlet of the Ba ...
. * Steamer ''Delos'' Deutsche Levante line. Gouache, 79 x 65 cm. German Maritime Museum, Bremerhaven. * North German winter landscape – ''Frisian house on a narrow river''. Oil on cardboard, about 1925, 20 x 30 cm. privately owned. *
Port of Hamburg The Port of Hamburg (, ) is a seaport on the river Elbe in Hamburg, Germany, from its mouth on the North Sea. Known as Germany's "Gateway to the World" (), it is the country's largest seaport by volume. In terms of TEU throughput, Hambur ...
with the mail steamer Cap Arcona. Oil on canvas, 1932 98 x 148 cm. Museum of Communication, former Federal Postal Museum,
Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main () is the most populous city in the States of Germany, German state of Hesse. Its 773,068 inhabitants as of 2022 make it the List of cities in Germany by population, fifth-most populous city in Germany. Located in the forela ...
am Main. * Cable steamer ''Stephan'' before Yap (Caroline). Oil on canvas, 1905, 99 x 148 cm. Museum of Communication, former Federal Postal Museum, Frankfurt am Main. * Swedish passenger ship ''Kungsholm'' in the port of
Gothenburg Gothenburg ( ; ) is the List of urban areas in Sweden by population, second-largest city in Sweden, after the capital Stockholm, and the fifth-largest in the Nordic countries. Situated by the Kattegat on the west coast of Sweden, it is the gub ...
. Oil on canvas, 1928, 106 x 137.8 cm. The Post Museum,
Stockholm Stockholm (; ) is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in Sweden by population, most populous city of Sweden, as well as the List of urban areas in the Nordic countries, largest urban area in the Nordic countries. Approximately ...
,
Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...
. *
LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin LZ 127 ''Graf Zeppelin'' () was a German passenger-carrying hydrogen-filled rigid airship that flew from 1928 to 1937. It offered the first commercial transatlantic flight, transatlantic passenger flight service. The ship was named after th ...
with a Russian icebreaker "Malygin". Oil on canvas, 1931, 81 x 121.8 cm. Zeppelin Museum Friedrichshafen. * . Oil on canvas, 1895, 88 x 150 cm. Museum of the city of Rovinj, Rovinj (Croatia). * ''Steam yacht Sazume'' (Japanese 雀, the sparrow in English). Oil on canvas, 47 x 66 cm. Museum of the city of Rovinj, (
Croatia Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a country in Central Europe, Central and Southeast Europe, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herze ...
). * Battleship . Oil on cardboard, 1898, 32 x 47.5 cm. Maritime Museum, Split (Croatia),
Split Split(s) or The Split may refer to: Places * Split, Croatia, the largest coastal city in Croatia * Split Island, Canada, an island in the Hudson Bay * Split Island, Falkland Islands * Split Island, Fiji, better known as Hạfliua Arts, enter ...
* Steamer ''Pelikan''. Oil on cardboard, 1891, 32 x 48 cm. Maritime Museum, Split (Croatia). * SMS ''Fasan''. Oil on canvas, 1897, 70 x 165 cm. Historical Museum of Istria,
Pula Pula, also known as Pola, is the largest city in Istria County, west Croatia, and the List of cities and towns in Croatia, seventh-largest city in the country, situated at the southern tip of the Istria, Istrian peninsula in western Croatia, wi ...
(Croatia). * off the port of
Fiume Rijeka (; Fiume ( �fjuːme in Italian and in Fiuman Venetian) is the principal seaport and the third-largest city in Croatia. It is located in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County on Kvarner Bay, an inlet of the Adriatic Sea and in 2021 had a po ...
. Graphics, 1905, 35 × 57 cm. Maritime and History Museum of Littoral Croatia,
Rijeka Rijeka (; Fiume ( �fjuːme in Italian and in Fiuman dialect, Fiuman Venetian) is the principal seaport and the List of cities and towns in Croatia, third-largest city in Croatia. It is located in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County on Kvarner Ba ...
(Croatia). * ''Brigantine at sea''. Oil on canvas, 1892, 75 x 150 cm. Sergej Mašera-Maritime Museum,
Piran Piran (; ) is a town in southwestern Slovenia on the Gulf of Piran on the Adriatic Sea. It is one of the three major towns of Slovenian Istria. A bilingual city, with population speaking both Slovene and Italian, Piran is known for its medieva ...
(
Slovenia Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia, is a country in Central Europe. It borders Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the south and southeast, and a short (46.6 km) coastline within the Adriati ...
). * ''Austrian
Barque A barque, barc, or bark is a type of sailing ship, sailing vessel with three or more mast (sailing), masts of which the fore mast, mainmast, and any additional masts are Square rig, rigged square, and only the aftmost mast (mizzen in three-maste ...
off
Gibraltar Gibraltar ( , ) is a British Overseas Territories, British Overseas Territory and British overseas cities, city located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula, on the Bay of Gibraltar, near the exit of the Mediterranean Sea into the A ...
.'' Oil on canvas, 1893, 70,5 × 145,5 cm. Sergej Mašera-Maritimes Museum,
Piran Piran (; ) is a town in southwestern Slovenia on the Gulf of Piran on the Adriatic Sea. It is one of the three major towns of Slovenian Istria. A bilingual city, with population speaking both Slovene and Italian, Piran is known for its medieva ...


Larger Image collections

* In addition to the selection of the above pictures large stocks of Kircher paintings exist in the Military History Museum (HGM) in Vienna and the Archduke Franz Ferdinand Museum in Artstetten in Lower Austria. Moreover, in Germany in the Naval Academy, Flensburg-Mürwik and there some Kircher paintings are shown in the commander Villa. In Croatia in the museum of the city of Rovinj and Split in the Maritime Museum. Of course, there are also numerous paintings in private ownership.


Stolen artwork

* The original painting: ''"LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin with Russian icebreaker Malygin"'' from 1931, dimensions: 26.00 x 39.00 inch, formerly part of the Reichspostmuseum in Berlin – 1945 after the end of the Second World War this image was lost. – The painting was auctioned at Cowan's Auctions in Cincinnati, Ohio, US, for US$19,550 in 2005. Since then, the painting has been at Pullman Gallery in London, a return to the Museum of Communication in Frankfurt am Main (Legal successor to the Reichspostmuseum) has not yet taken place.


Others

In the remarkable Austro-Hungarian Navy Museum ''"Gallerion"'', in Novigrad, Istria (Croatia), multiple
replicas A replica is an exact (usually 1:1 in scale) copy or remake of an object, made out of the same raw materials, whether a molecule, a work of art, or a commercial product. The term is also used for copies that closely resemble the original, without ...
and photographs of well known Kircher paintings will be shown.


Literature

* Elmar Samsinger, Christian Ortner (historian) (ed.): ''Unsere Kriegsflotte 1556-1908'', erw. Reprint v. Koudelka, A.Kircher. 1914. Verlag Kral, Bendorf, 1. Aufl. 2019, S. 360, , German language. * Liliana Pajola (ed.): ''"La Marina da Guerra Austro-Ungarica nei quadri di Alexander Kircher, pittore triestino dimenticato"''. Publishers: "luglio editore", Triest, 2018, in Italian, . *
De Gruyter Walter de Gruyter GmbH, known as De Gruyter (), is a German scholarly publishing house specializing in academic literature. History The roots of the company go back to 1749 when Frederick the Great granted the Königliche Realschule in Be ...
(ed.: Andreas Beyer, Bénédict Savoy, Wolf Tegethoff): ''The artists of the World''. Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin / Boston 2014, Vol.:80, p. 307, --->>> Catalogue of the German National Library. * Hans-F. Schweers: ''Gemälde in deutschen Museen''. Katalog der ausgestellten und depotgelagerten Werke, 4.akt.u.erw.Ausgb., Seite 607, K. G. Saur Verlag, München 2005, , German language. * Stjepan Lozo: ''Vessel Portraits by Alexander Kircher'', Exhibition catalog year 2000, The Croatian Maritime Museum, Split * Emmanuel Bénézit: Dictionnaire critique et documentaire des peintres, sculpteurs dessinateurs et graveurs. Édition Gründ, Paris 1999, Band 7, S. 814, --->>> Bibliothèque nationale de France. * Renate Basch-Ritter (ed.): Österreich auf allen Meeren. Styria Verlag, Graz, Wien, Köln, 1995, German language. * Hans Jurgen Hansen: ''The Ships of the German Fleets, 1848–1945''. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis June 1988, * J.Bracker, U.Bauche, C.Prange: ''Alster, Elbe and the Sea. Hamburg's Shipping and Port in selected Paintings, Drawings and Watercolours of the Museum of Hamburg History'', Topographikon Verlag, Hamburg 1981, 248 S. . * A. E. Sokol (ed.): ''Seemacht Österreich – Die kuk Kriegsmarine 1382–1918.'' Verlag F. Molden, Wien, München, Zürich, 1972, German language. * Thieme-Becker (ed.): ''General lexicon of visual artists from Antiquity to the Present''. Volume 20, Leipzig, 1927 351st * Johannes Kaltenboeck: ''Mit vereinten Kräften''. Union, deutsche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart, 1916, 3rd edition, German language.


Exhibitions

* Show Event: ''Ship ahead'' – Marine Painting from the 14th to the 19th century. Residenzgalerie Salzburg, Austria, from 16 July to 1 November 2005 * Stjepan Lozo: ''Vessel Portraits by Alexander Kircher'', year 2000, The Croatian Maritime Museum, Split


Gallery

Schlachtschiff der Habsburg-Klasse auf der Helling der Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino 1900-02.jpg, A Habsburg-class battleship on the slipway at the Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino shipyard in 1900–02 Alex Kircher 1.jpg, A fully rigged ship in front of the
Statue of Liberty The Statue of Liberty (''Liberty Enlightening the World''; ) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, within New York City. The copper-clad statue, a gift to the United States from the people of French Thir ...
in New York Bay, 1897 The three naval training ships, Stosch, Stein and Gneisenau under full sail.png, The
Imperial German Navy The Imperial German Navy or the ''Kaiserliche Marine'' (Imperial Navy) was the navy of the German Empire, which existed between 1871 and 1919. It grew out of the small Prussian Navy (from 1867 the North German Federal Navy), which was mainly for ...
sail training ships, ''Stosch'', ''Stein'', and ''Gneisenau'' in 1896 Seegefecht bei Jasmund.jpg, The Battle of Jasmund 1864 between Prussian and Danish vessels Kircher Seeschlacht bei Lissa 1866.jpg, The
Battle of Lissa (1866) The Battle of Lissa (or Battle of Vis) () was a naval battle between an Kingdom of Italy, Italian and an Austrian Empire, Austrian fleet during the Third Italian War of Independence. It took place on July 20, 1866, near the island of Vis (island) ...
Museum of Military History, Vienna, Austria Norddeutsche Winterlandschaft -- Reet gedecktes Friesenhaus am Fluss um 1925.png, North German winter landscape: Frisian house on a narrow river, about 1925 Postcard of Vintgar Gorge 1911.jpg, Vintgar Gorge, on a postcard from 1911 USS Kentucky, built in Newport News, VA, launched in 1898.jpg, The , built in Newport News,
Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States between the East Coast of the United States ...
, and launched in 1898 Austrian mail steamer Pelikan moored at anchor - 1891.jpg, The Austrian mail steamer ''Pelikan'' moored at anchor, 1891 Austrian steam-sailing-yacht SUZUME in 1894.png, The Austrian steam sailing yacht ''Suzume'' Erzherzog Karl v A. Kircher 1.png, in Lower Austria Habsburg at night.PNG, The battleship at night, 1904 Erz ff colorcard.jpg, Ms Kungsholm 1928 by Kircher.jpg, The Swedish American Line's passenger ship ''Kungsholm'' on departure from the Port of New York in 1928 Le torpillage du croiseur cuirassé Leon Gambetta en 1915.jpg, The sinking of the French battleship-cruiser ''Léon Gambetta'' on 27 April 1915, after a painting by Kircher Nave passeggeri Isonzo nel Golfo di Trieste, disegno originale dal 1918e anno.jpg, Original outline for the larger painting ''Passenger ship Isonzo in the Gulf of Trieste'', 1918"


References


External links

* Alexander Kircher – Wikimedia Commons �

* German Historical Picture Service �

– Please select on the page top right the English language * Artnet – Auctions of Alexander Kircher �

* Arcadia – Auctions of Alexander Kircher �

* Ask/Art – Alexander Kircher – Auction Records, Artist, Fien Art, Biographie �

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kircher, Alexander 1867 births 1939 deaths 19th-century Austrian painters Austrian male painters 20th-century German painters 20th-century German male artists German male painters 19th-century Austrian illustrators 19th-century German illustrators 20th-century Austrian illustrators German marine artists Austrian landscape painters German landscape painters Recipients of the Order of Isabella the Catholic 19th-century German male artists Emigrants from Austria-Hungary to Germany