Alexander Lvovich Dobrokhotov (; born 8 September 1950) is a

Russian Russian(s) may refer to: *Russians (), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *A citizen of Russia *Russian language, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages *''The Russians'', a b ...

philosopher Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, Value (ethics and social sciences), value, mind, and language. It is a rational an ...

historian of philosophy The history of philosophy is the systematic study of the development of Philosophy, philosophical thought. It focuses on philosophy as rational inquiry based on argumentation, but some theorists also include myth, Religion, religious traditions ...

, historian of

culture Culture ( ) is a concept that encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and Social norm, norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, Social norm, customs, capabilities, Attitude (psychology), attitudes ...

, and university Professor. He holds the title of Distinguished Professor at Lomonosov Moscow State University. He specialises in the history of

Russian culture Russian culture ( rus, Культура России, Kul'tura Rossii, kʊlʲˈturə rɐˈsʲiɪ) has been formed by the nation's history, its geographical location and its vast expanse, religious and social traditions, and both Eastern cultu ...

history of philosophy The history of philosophy is the systematic study of the development of philosophical thought. It focuses on philosophy as rational inquiry based on argumentation, but some theorists also include myth, religious traditions, and proverbial lor ...

metaphysics Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that examines the basic structure of reality. It is traditionally seen as the study of mind-independent features of the world, but some theorists view it as an inquiry into the conceptual framework of ...

Russian philosophy Russian philosophy is a collective name for the philosophical heritage of Russian thinkers. Historiography In historiography, there is no consensus regarding the origins of Russian philosophy, its periodization and its cultural significance. Th ...

ancient Ancient history is a time period from the beginning of writing and recorded human history through late antiquity. The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with the development of Sumerian cuneiform script. Ancient h ...

and

medieval philosophy Medieval philosophy is the philosophy that existed through the Middle Ages, the period roughly extending from the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century until after the Renaissance in the 13th and 14th centuries. Medieval philosophy, ...

Kant Immanuel Kant (born Emanuel Kant; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Born in Königsberg, Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, et ...

and

German Idealism German idealism is a philosophical movement that emerged in Germany in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It developed out of the work of Immanuel Kant in the 1780s and 1790s, and was closely linked both with Romanticism and the revolutionary ...

, and

philosophy of culture Philosophy of culture is a branch of philosophy that examines the essence and meaning of culture. It focuses on how human creativity, rationality, and collective experiences shape cultural identities. It traces the development of cultural thought ...

. He is a Visiting Senior Research Fellow, King’s College London; and a Researcher at the Independent Institute of Philosophy (Institut de philosophie indépendant; IPHI) in Paris, France. (The Independent Institute of Philosophy was founded in November 2022 by Russian philosophers who left the Russian Federation in dissent from the politics of the Russian authorities that led to a humanitarian catastrophe as a result of the military aggression against Ukraine.)

Education

From 1967 to 1972, Alexander Dobrokhotov was an undergraduate student in philosophy at the Faculty of Philosophy,

Moscow State University Moscow State University (MSU), officially M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University,. is a public university, public research university in Moscow, Russia. The university includes 15 research institutes, 43 faculties, more than 300 departments, a ...

. From 1972 to 1975, he was a graduate student in philosophy at the Department of Western Philosophy History, Faculty of Philosophy, at

. In 1978, he defended his PhD dissertation (‘kandidatskaya’) titled '

Parmenides Parmenides of Elea (; ; fl. late sixth or early fifth century BC) was a Pre-Socratic philosophy, pre-Socratic ancient Greece, Greek philosopher from Velia, Elea in Magna Graecia (Southern Italy). Parmenides was born in the Greek colony of Veli ...

' Teachings on

Being Existence is the state of having being or reality in contrast to nonexistence and nonbeing. Existence is often contrasted with essence: the essence of an entity is its essential features or qualities, which can be understood even if one do ...

’. In 1990, he defended his second dissertation (‘doktorskaya’) titled 'The Category of

Ancient Philosophy This page lists some links to ancient philosophy, namely philosophical thought extending as far as early post-classical history (). Overview Genuine philosophical thought, depending upon original individual insights, arose in many cultures ro ...

of the Classical Period’.

Academic life

Alexander Dobrokhotov started his academic career as a historian of

Ancient Greek Philosophy Ancient Greek philosophy arose in the 6th century BC. Philosophy was used to make sense of the world using reason. It dealt with a wide variety of subjects, including astronomy, epistemology, mathematics, political philosophy, ethics, metaphysics ...

and as an interpreter of

' and

Heraclitus Heraclitus (; ; ) was an Ancient Greece, ancient Greek Pre-Socratic philosophy, pre-Socratic philosopher from the city of Ephesus, which was then part of the Achaemenid Empire, Persian Empire. He exerts a wide influence on Western philosophy, ...

’ theories of

being Existence is the state of having being or reality in contrast to nonexistence and nonbeing. Existence is often contrasted with essence: the essence of an entity is its essential features or qualities, which can be understood even if one do ...

. His studies resulted in several books, one of which, ‘The Category of

in Classical West-European Philosophy’ (1986), summarises his main ideas. From 1988 to 1995, Dobrokhotov was the chair of the Department of Cultural History of the

Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT; , also known as PhysTech), is a public university, public research university located in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It prepares specialists in theoretical physics, theoretical and applied physics, ...

. Between 1994 and 2010, Dobrokhotov was a Professor at the State Academic University for the Humanities. From 1995 to 2009, Alexander Dobrokhotov was the head of the History and Theory of World Culture Department at the Faculty of Philosophy,

. The Department was created in 1990. Many prominent

Soviet The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

and Russian scholars like Viacheslav Ivanov, Sergei Sergejewitsch Awerinzew,

Aron Gurevich Aron Yakovlevich Gurevich (also spelled Aaron Gurevich ; May 12, 1924 – August 5, 2006) was a Russian medievalist historian, working on the European culture of the Middle Ages. Gurevich's work was informed by Jacques Le Goff and Georges Du ...

Mikhail Gasparov Mikhail Leonovich Gasparov (, April 13, 1935 in Moscow – November 7, 2005 in Moscow) was a Russian philologist and translator, renowned for his studies in classical philology and the history of versification, and a member of the informal T ...

, Georgii Knabe,

Yeleazar Meletinsky Eleazar Moiseevich Meletinskii (also ''Meletinsky'' or ''Meletinskij''; ; 22 October 1918, Kharkiv – 17 December 2005, Moscow) was a Russian scholar famous for his seminal studies of folklore, literature, philology and the history and theory of ...

, Vladimir Romanov, Tatiana Vasilieva, Nina Braginskaia,

Vladimir Bibikhin Vladimir Veniaminovich Bibikhin (29 August 1938, Bezhetsk — 12 December 2004, Moscow) was the most prominent Soviet and Russian religious thinker of the New Russia and continued the Russian tradition of early 20th century religious thinking. He ...

have worked there. From 1995 to 2015, Alexander Dobrokhotov taught at the Graduate School of European Cultures (VSHEK) which is an international training and research centre at

Russian State University for the Humanities The Russian State University for the Humanities (RSUH; ), is a university in Moscow, Russia with over 25,000 students. It was created in 1991 as the result of the merger of the Moscow Urban University of the People (est. 1908) and the Moscow Sta ...

(VSHEK was established in April 2007 and replaced the Institute of European Cultures). Between 2005 and 2017, Dobrokhotov was the head of the Department of Culturology at Saint Tikhon's Orthodox University. From 2009 until April 2024, Alexander Dobrokhotov is also a professor at the

National Research University Higher School of Economics HSE University (), officially the National Research University Higher School of Economics () is a public research university founded in 1992 and headquartered in Moscow, Russia. Along with its main campus located in the capital, the university ...

(HSE), at the School of Cultural Studies (in the autumn of 2020, the School of Cultural Studies merged with the School of Philosophy and the School of Philosophy and Cultural Studies was established). He teaches various courses on philosophy, philosophy of culture, metaphysics and theology, history of Russian culture. In 2010, he became a tenured professor at HSE. Today, Alexander Dobrokhotov is a leading Russian philosopher of culture and prominent scholar in

culturology Culturology or the science of culture is a branch of the social sciences concerned with the scientific understanding, description, analysis, and prediction of cultures as a whole. While ethnology and anthropology studied different cultural practice ...

. He often appears on television. In 2021, Alexander Dobrokhotov left Russia. Since April 2024, he runs his own YouTube channel.

International recognition

Alexander Dobrokhotov is a member of the International Advisory Board of the journal ''Studies in East European Thought''. Since 1989, he has been a member of the International Association of Researchers in Greek Philosophy (Athens, Greece). Since 1995, he has been a member of the International Genealogical Society (Oslo, Norway). In 1992, he was a Visiting Professor at the Catholic University of Tilburg (the Netherlands). In 1992, he was a Visiting Professor at the University of Fribourg (Switzerland). From 1996 to 1997, he was a Visiting Professor at the University of Geneva (Switzerland). Dobrokhotov has taught a massive online course on

Coursera Coursera Inc. () is an American global massive open online course provider. It was founded in 2012 by Stanford University computer science professors Andrew Ng and Daphne Koller. Coursera works with universities and other organizations to offe ...

. In 2010, leading experts in the humanities in Russia published a book on Dobrokhotov's 60th anniversary: Culture and Form: On the 60th Anniversary of A. L. Dobrokhotov. Moscow: Publishing House of the National Research University Higher School of Economics, 2010. In 2023, the Dutch philosopher Evert van der Zweerde wrote an article about Alexander Dobrokhotov: ‘Beyond the Divide. Introducing the Work of Aleksandr L’vovich Dobrokhotov’. ''Studies in East European Thought'', vol. 75, no. 1, Mar. 2023, pp. 119–23.

Philosophy

In late 1980s and early 1990s, the academic disciplinary landscape on the territory of the former

Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

underwent significant changes. Some disciplines based on

Marxism–Leninism Marxism–Leninism () is a communist ideology that became the largest faction of the History of communism, communist movement in the world in the years following the October Revolution. It was the predominant ideology of most communist gov ...

ceased to exist, and a number of new disciplines in the humanities and social sciences appeared. Among the new fields there was an approach towards culture within the Russian humanities which came to be known as ‘

’ (kulturologia). There have been many versions of this discipline, and Alexander Dobrokhotov became the founder of his own original version of

, based on the Kantian and Hegelian philosophical traditions and on the Russian philosophy on the Silver Age. He regards studies of culture as a combination of theoretical philosophy of culture on one hand, and empirical studies on the other hand. In his works on

, he argues that ‘Culture’ can be regarded as an independent regional of being, alongside ‘Nature’ and ‘Spirit’. He defines Culture as the universe of artefacts. The artefact is the result of an

objectification In social philosophy, objectification is the act of treating a person as an object or a thing. Sexual objectification, the act of treating a person as a mere object of sexual desire, is a subset of objectification, as is self-objectification, th ...

of Spirit and an anthropomorphization of Nature. In this respect, culture mediates Nature and Spirit. Culture makes obsolete the

ontological Ontology is the philosophical study of being. It is traditionally understood as the subdiscipline of metaphysics focused on the most general features of reality. As one of the most fundamental concepts, being encompasses all of reality and every ...

conflict between Nature and Spirit. In their place, two other ontological conflicts appear: the conflict between Nature and Culture, and between Culture and Spirit. Alexander Dobrokhotov further argues that Culture is not a mechanism of human adaptation to the natural environment, but is rather an ontological wholeness, with its own aim setting, or, in his terms, ‘

teleologism Teleology (from , and )Partridge, Eric. 1977''Origins: A Short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English'' London: Routledge, p. 4187. or finalityDubray, Charles. 2020 912Teleology. In ''The Catholic Encyclopedia'' 14. New York: Robert Appleton ...

’. Pure or transcendental forms set aims for culture. This idea stems from works by

Plato Plato ( ; Greek language, Greek: , ; born BC, died 348/347 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Classical Greece, Classical period who is considered a foundational thinker in Western philosophy and an innovator of the writte ...

Leibniz Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (or Leibnitz; – 14 November 1716) was a German polymath active as a mathematician, philosopher, scientist and diplomat who is credited, alongside Sir Isaac Newton, with the creation of calculus in addition to many ...

, and

Husserl Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl (; 8 April 1859 – 27 April 1938) was an Austrian-German philosopher and mathematician who established the school of phenomenology. In his early work, he elaborated critiques of historicism and of psychologism in ...

. Each artefact of Culture is created in order to take its place within the ontological wholeness, and thus, alongside its concrete meaning or function, it also contains a latent interpretation of the wholeness. ‘How should the world look like so that I could be a part of it?’ — this is the question which each artefact answers.Доброхотов А. Л. Телеология культуры. М. : Прогресс-Традиция, 2016. From this follows an

empirical Empirical evidence is evidence obtained through sense experience or experimental procedure. It is of central importance to the sciences and plays a role in various other fields, like epistemology and law. There is no general agreement on how t ...

method which forms the foundation of the empirical discipline of

. This method involves reconstructing the ontological wholeness from the individual artefact. In other words, the method involves answering the question of how the world should look like so that the artefact could be a part of it. Furthermore, if the wholeness is the same for all its artefacts, an isomorphism of heterogeneous artefacts can be discovered. Hence, the main question of the empirical study of culture is ‘How can we reconcile the heterogeneity and isomorphism of cultural artefacts?’ In his numerous empirical studies of culture, Alexander Dobrokhotov demonstrates how his theory and method work. He reveals the underlying

isomorphism In mathematics, an isomorphism is a structure-preserving mapping or morphism between two structures of the same type that can be reversed by an inverse mapping. Two mathematical structures are isomorphic if an isomorphism exists between the ...

in works by

Goethe Johann Wolfgang (von) Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German polymath who is widely regarded as the most influential writer in the German language. His work has had a wide-ranging influence on Western literature, literary, Polit ...

Friedrich Nietzsche Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (15 October 1844 – 25 August 1900) was a German philosopher. He began his career as a classical philology, classical philologist, turning to philosophy early in his academic career. In 1869, aged 24, Nietzsche bec ...

, and

Pablo Picasso Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, Ceramic art, ceramicist, and Scenic ...

; in

quantum mechanics Quantum mechanics is the fundamental physical Scientific theory, theory that describes the behavior of matter and of light; its unusual characteristics typically occur at and below the scale of atoms. Reprinted, Addison-Wesley, 1989, It is ...

and

avant-garde In the arts and literature, the term ''avant-garde'' ( meaning or ) identifies an experimental genre or work of art, and the artist who created it, which usually is aesthetically innovative, whilst initially being ideologically unacceptable ...

art Art is a diverse range of cultural activity centered around ''works'' utilizing creative or imaginative talents, which are expected to evoke a worthwhile experience, generally through an expression of emotional power, conceptual ideas, tec ...

; in the 18th-century philosophy of mind and the novel; in

theology Theology is the study of religious belief from a Religion, religious perspective, with a focus on the nature of divinity. It is taught as an Discipline (academia), academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itse ...

and

Alfred Hitchcock Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock (13 August 1899 – 29 April 1980) was an English film director. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in the history of cinema. In a career spanning six decades, he directed over 50 featu ...

’s films.

Bibliography

Books in Russian

* Философия культуры: учебник для вузов. М.: Издательский дом НИУ ВШЭ, 2016. (Philosophy of Culture. Moscow, 2016) * Телеология культуры. М.: Прогресс-Традиция, 2016. (Teleology of Culture. Moscow, 2016) * Избранное. М.: Территория будущего, 2008. (Selected Works. Moscow, 2008.) * Данте. М.: Мысль, 1980. (Dante. Moscow, 1990. 208 pages.) * Категория бытия в классической западноевропейской философии. М.: Изд-во Московского университета, 1986. (The Category of Being in Classical European Philosophy. Moscow, 1986. bstract in German 248 pages.) * Учение досократиков о бытии. М.: Изд-во Московского университета, 1980. (Pre-Socratics' Teachings on Being. Moscow, 1980. 84 pages.)

Publications in English

* 'The Defeated Judge the Victors, or Bolshevism in Post-October Russian Thought'. In: At the Vanishing Point in History. Critical Perspectives on the Russia‒Ukraine War. Bloomsbury Academic. 2025. * ‘Aza A. Takho-Godi’s Contribution to the History of Ideas and Concepts’. Studies in East European Thought, vol. 75, no. 1, Mar. 2023, pp. 1–8. Springer Link, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11212-022-09538-2. * ‘Lev P. Karsavin on the Phenomenology of Revolution’. Russian Studies in Philosophy, vol. 60, no. 6, Nov. 2022, pp. 452–61. Taylor and Francis+NEJM, https://doi.org/10.1080/10611967.2022.2155010. * ‘“Those Born in Godforsaken Years . . .”’ Russian Studies in Philosophy, vol. 59, no. 6, Nov. 2021, pp. 489–500. tandfonline.com (Atypon), https://doi.org/10.1080/10611967.2021.2010474. * ‘Vyacheslav Ivanov on Pushkin’s The Gypsies: The Antinomy of Individualism and Freedom’. Russian Studies in Philosophy, vol. 57, no. 3, May 2019, pp. 260–69. Taylor and Francis+NEJM, https://doi.org/10.1080/10611967.2019.1629210. * ‘“Mystical Antinomism.” Losev’s Assessments and Interpretations of Goethe’. Russian Studies in Philosophy, vol. 56, no. 6, Nov. 2018, pp. 467–76. Taylor and Francis+NEJM, https://doi.org/10.1080/10611967.2018.1529974. * 'The Revolutions of 1917 in the Philosophy of the Russian Symbolism', Social Science Research Network, 12 Apr. 2017. papers.ssrn.com, https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2951595. * ‘What the Russian Symbolists Heard in the “Music of Revolution”: Philosophical Implications’. Studies in East European Thought, vol. 69, no. 4, Dec. 2017, pp. 287–304. Springer Link, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11212-017-9293-x. * The Austrian Experience: The Mamardashvili Variant. In: Transcultural Studies: A Journal in Interdisciplinary Research. Vol. 5 No. 1 2009

015 015 may refer to: * 015, a telephone numbers in Malaysia, telephone number code in Malaysia * ''Global Underground 015'', DJ mix album by Darren Emerson * ''The Haunting of Tram Car 015'', 2019 novella by P. Djèlí Clark * JWH-015, chemical from t ...

Special Issue: Merab Mamardashvili: Transcultural Philosopher. Pp. 65-73. * Descartes and Dostoyevski: two modes of ‘cogito’. National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE). Basic Research Program. Working Papers. Series: Humanities, WP BRP 89/HUM/2015. Moscow, 2015. * Dobrokhotov, Alexander. L. ‘The Spiritual Meaning of War in the Philosophy of the Russian Silver Age’. Studies in East European Thought, vol. 66, no. 1, June 2014, pp. 69–76. Springer Link, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11212-014-9198-x. * The Problem of the "I" as a Culturological Topic. In: Russian Studies in Philosophy 10/2013; 52(2): P. 61–79. * The short happy life of Goethe's Faust, or hieros gamos as the center of the tragedy. National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE). Basic Research Program. Working Papers. Series: Humanities, WP BRP 15/HUM/2013. Moscow, 2013. P. 1–14. * ‘GAKhN: An Aesthetics of Ruins, or Aleksej Losev’s Failed Project’. Studies in East European Thought, vol. 63, no. 1, Feb. 2011, pp. 31–42. Springer Link, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11212-010-9131-x. * ‘The Austrian Experience: The Mamardashvili Variant’. Transcultural Studies, vol. 5, no. 1–2, 2009, pp. 65–73. Scholars Portal Journals, https://doi.org/10.1163/23751606-00501006. * “A short course on world culture.” In: Intellectual News. 2001. No. 9. P. 50–53. * “You know - therefore, you ought to. (Ethical Implications of the «Cogito»).” In: How Natural is the Ethical Law? Tilburg, 1997. * “The Thesis "Soma - Sema" And Its Philosophical Implications.” In: Pythagorean Philosophy. Athens, 1992.

Publications in other languages

* Die Rezeption der klassischen deutschen Ästhetik in den Arbeiten und Diskussionen der GAChN. In: Kunst als Sprache – Sprachen der Kunst. Russische Ästhetik und Kunsttheorie der 1920er Jahre in der europäischen Diskussion. Sonderheft12 der “Zeitschrift für Ästhetik und Allgemeine Kunstwissenschaft”. Felix Meiner Verlag, 2014. S. 225 – 246. * Le probleme du “Moi” dans la philosophie de Vladimir Soloviev et de l’Age d’argent. In: Revue philosophique de France et de l’étranger. N°3-2014. (2014 – 139e Annee – Tome CCVI) P. 297 – 314. * “Kants Teleologie als Kulturtheorie.” In: Kant im Spiegel der russischen Kantforschung heute. Frommann-Holzboog Verlag. Stuttgart-Bad, 2008. S. 19–27. * “Antignostische Momente in Hegels Spekulation.” In: Die Folgen des Hegelianismus: Philosophie, Religion und Politik im Abschied von der Moderne. Hrsg. von Peter Koslowski. München. Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 1998. S. 137–146. * “Die Evolution der russischen Henologie im ersten Viertel des XX. Jahrhunderts.” In: Henologische Perspektiven II. (Elementa. Bd. 69) Amsterdam-Atlanta. 1997. * “La philosophie: en attendant Godot.” In: Esprit. Paris, 1996, # 22–3. * “Das Individuum als Traeger der Macht: Destruktion der Ideale.” In: Miscellanea Mediaevalia. Bd.24. Individuum und Individualitaet im Mittelalter. Berlin - New-York, 1996. * “Behovet av metafysik.” Ord & Bild. # 1–2. Goeteborg.1994. S. 165 - 171. * “Metaphysik und Herrschaft: die "Russische Idee" als Ursprung einer Kultur des authoritaeren Denkens und Handelns.” In: Studies in Soviet Thought 44. 1992. Kluwer Academic Publishers. S.11-17. * “Mensch und Natur im "Fegefeuer" Dantes.” In: Miscellanea Mediaevalia. Bd.21/2. Berlin-New York, 1992. S. 791-794. * “Welches sind die wirklichen Fortschritte, die die Metaphysik seit Parmenides Zeiten gemacht hat?” In: La Parola del Passato. Rivista di studi antichi. Vol. XLIII. Napoli, 1988. S. 127–142. * “L'Etre dans la philosophie antique et l'ontologie ouest-europeenne.” In: La philosophie grecque et sa portee culturelle et historique. Moscou, 1985, p. 138-157. * “Heraklit: Fragment B52.” In: Studien zur Geschichte der westlichen Philosophie. Fr.a.M., 1986. S. 55–71.

References

External links

* * * *> * * * * * *
YouTube channel
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dobrokhotov, Alexander 1950 births 20th-century Russian philosophers 21st-century Russian philosophers Soviet philosophers Philosophers of culture Academic staff of Moscow State University Academic staff of the State Academic University for the Humanities Moscow State University alumni Living people Scholars of ancient Greek philosophy Russian historians of philosophy

Education

Academic life

International recognition

Philosophy

Bibliography

Books in Russian

Publications in English

Publications in other languages

See also

References

External links