Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Andronov
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Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Andronov (; ,
Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...
– October 31, 1952, Gorky) was a
Soviet The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
physicist A physicist is a scientist who specializes in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe. Physicists generally are interested in the root or ultimate cau ...
and member of the
Soviet Academy of Sciences The Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union was the highest scientific institution of the Soviet Union from 1925 to 1991. It united the country's leading scientists and was subordinated directly to the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (un ...
(1946). He worked extensively on the theory of stability of
dynamical systems In mathematics, a dynamical system is a system in which a Function (mathematics), function describes the time dependence of a Point (geometry), point in an ambient space, such as in a parametric curve. Examples include the mathematical models ...
, introducing (together with
Lev Pontryagin Lev Semyonovich Pontryagin (, also written Pontriagin or Pontrjagin, first name sometimes anglicized as Leon) (3 September 1908 – 3 May 1988) was a Soviet mathematician. Completely blind from the age of 14, he made major discoveries in a numbe ...
) the notion of
structural stability In mathematics, structural stability is a fundamental property of a dynamical system which means that the qualitative behavior of the trajectories is unaffected by small perturbations (to be exact ''C''1-small perturbations). Examples of such q ...
. In that context, he also contributed to the mathematical theory of
self-oscillation Self-oscillation is the generation and maintenance of a periodic motion by a source of power that lacks any corresponding periodicity. The oscillator itself controls the phase with which the external power acts on it. Self-oscillators are therefor ...
(a term that he coined) by establishing a link between the generation of oscillations and the theory of
Lyapunov stability Various types of stability may be discussed for the solutions of differential equations or difference equations describing dynamical systems. The most important type is that concerning the stability of solutions near to a point of equilibrium. ...
. He developed the comprehensive theory of self-oscillations by linking it with the
qualitative theory of differential equations In mathematics, the qualitative theory of differential equations studies the behavior of differential equations by means other than finding their solutions. It originated from the works of Henri Poincaré and Aleksandr Lyapunov. There are relativel ...
, topology, and with the general theory of stability of motion. The crater
Andronov Andronov () is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Aleksandr Andronov (1901–1952), Soviet physicist * Yuriy Andronov (born 1971), Russian race walker See also * Andronov–Pontryagin criterion of dynamical systems ...
on the
Moon The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. It Orbit of the Moon, orbits around Earth at Lunar distance, an average distance of (; about 30 times Earth diameter, Earth's diameter). The Moon rotation, rotates, with a rotation period (lunar ...
is named after him.


Biography

Andronov was born in Moscow into a wealthy family. His mother, Lidia, separated from his father when Aleksandr was still a child. His grandfather, the merchant, provided for them. In 1909 Lidia married doctor Korneliy Lipsky, renowned hynecologist, who helped her children get proper education. In 1918 Aleksandr finished Secondary Level Labour school in Moscow. In 1920, after being deemed unfit for military service due to illness, he enrolled in the
Moscow Higher Technical School The Bauman Moscow State Technical University (BMSTU; ), sometimes colloquially referred as the ''Bauman School'' or ''Baumanka'' (), is a public technical university (polytechnic) located in Moscow, Russia. Bauman University offers B.S., M.S ...
(MHTS) to the Faculty of Electrical Engineering with specialization in radio engineering. Since 1921, while studying at MHTS began to attend lectures in at the Physics and Mathematics Department of
Moscow University Moscow State University (MSU), officially M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University,. is a public research university in Moscow, Russia. The university includes 15 research institutes, 43 faculties, more than 300 departments, and six branches. Al ...
(MSU), where he eventually transferred in 1923. In 1925 he graduated from MSU with a degree in theoretical physics. During his postgraduate years (1926-1929) under the supervision of the outstanding physicist L. I. Mandelstam, he was first engaged in statistical physics and quantum mechanics. Then he concentrated on the issues of oscillation generation, the solution of which determined the direction of his further scientific activity. A. A. Andronov's Ph.D. thesis "Poincaré limit cycles and the theory of oscillations" was published in 1929 in the Proceedings of the
Paris Academy of Sciences The French Academy of Sciences (, ) is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research. It was at the forefront of scientific d ...
. It laid the foundation for the theory of nonlinear oscillations, the main method of which was the method of point mappings developed by A. A. Andronov. In connection with the problems of the theory of nonlinear oscillations, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich was engaged in further development of the qualitative theory of differential equations. He introduced new ideas and obtained a number of significant mathematical results. Since 1929, Alexander Alexandrovich became a researcher at the All-Union Electrotechnical Institute, and in 1930 he enrolled in the Research Institute of Physics at Moscow University. In the post-war years, A. A. Andronov actively participated in the work at the Institute of Automation and Telemechanics (IAT) of the USSR Academy of Sciences (now Institute of Control Sciences RAS). Andronov's visits to Moscow and the work of the scientific seminar he organized had a great influence on IAT scientists such as M. A. Aizerman, M. V. Meerov, V. V. Petrov, and others. An important part of his life is the period spent in Gorky, where he moved permanently in 1931. He considered the creation of large centers of science in the provinces as the most important state task. That is why he came to work at the Gorky Research Institute of Physics and Technology (GIFTI) and Gorky State University (GSU), where he remained a professor until the end of his life. On October 31, 1952, Andronov passed away. At the age of 51 he died of a severe form of hypertension. He is buried in the Bugrovskoye cemetery of Nizhny Novgorod.


Andronov Prize

The
Andronov Prize The Andronov Prize is a Soviet and Russian mathematics prize, awarded for outstanding works in the classical mechanics and control theory. It is named after the Soviet physicist and member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences Alexander Alexandrovich ...
has been granted for outstanding works in the classical mechanics and the control theory by the Soviet (then Russian) Academy of Science in 1971-2024 years.


References


External links

*
Author profile
in the database
zbMATH zbMATH Open, formerly Zentralblatt MATH, is a major reviewing service providing reviews and abstracts for articles in pure and applied mathematics, produced by the Berlin office of FIZ Karlsruhe – Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastru ...
20th-century Russian scientists Russian physicists Soviet physicists 1901 births 1952 deaths Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences Scientists from Moscow {{Russia-physicist-stub