Aleksander Warma VR I/3 (also Varma; – 23 December 1970) was an

Estonia Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Ru ...

n navy officer, diplomat, and painter.

Biography

Aleksander Warma studied at marine schools in

Käsmu Käsmu (, ) is a village in Haljala Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northern Estonia, (retrieved 28 July 2021) on the territory of Lahemaa National Park. It's located northwest of Võsu, on the Käsmu Peninsula in the Gulf of Finland, surround ...

and

Narva Narva is a municipality and city in Estonia. It is located in the Ida-Viru County, at the Extreme points of Estonia, eastern extreme point of Estonia, on the west bank of the Narva (river), Narva river which forms the Estonia–Russia border, E ...

, and he took a deep sea captain's exam in

Riga Riga ( ) is the capital, Primate city, primate, and List of cities and towns in Latvia, largest city of Latvia. Home to 591,882 inhabitants (as of 2025), the city accounts for a third of Latvia's total population. The population of Riga Planni ...

. In 1920, he took the high school exams for the examination committee of the Tallinn Teachers' Training College. From 1920 to 1924, he studied at the Department of Law of

Tartu University The University of Tartu (UT; ; ) is a Public university, public research university located in the city of Tartu, Estonia. It is the national university of Estonia. It is also the largest and oldest university in the country.World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

, he served in the Russian Baltic fleet. During the

Estonian War of Independence The Estonian War of Independence, also known as the War of Freedom in Estonia, was a defensive campaign of the Estonian Army and its allies, most notably the United Kingdom, against the Soviet Russian westward offensive of 1918–1919 and the ...

, he served in the

Estonian Navy The Estonian Navy () are the unified naval forces among the Estonian Defence Forces. With only six commissioned ships and displacement well under 10,000 tonnes, the Estonian navy is one of the smallest navies in the world. Its ship prefix is EM ...

, and he was chief of staff of the navy from 1919 to 1920. After the war, he commanded the navy ship . From 1924 to 1926, he was assistant to the jurisconsult of the Ministry of War. In 1926, Warma retired as a lieutenant commander. From 1926 to 1927, Warma was the director of the legal bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, from 1927 to 1931 the director of the Administrative Department of Foreign Affairs, from 1931 to 1933 the counsellor of the Estonian Legation in Moscow, from 1933 to 1938 the consul-general in

Leningrad Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland ...

(today St. Petersburg), from 1938 to 1939 the Estonian envoy to

Lithuania Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, P ...

, and from 1939 to 1944 to the Estonian envoy to

Finland Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, ...

. After the war, Warma served in the

Estonian government-in-exile The Estonian government-in-exile was the formally declared governmental authority of the Republic of Estonia in exile, existing from 1944 until the reestablishment of Estonian sovereignty over Estonian territory in 1991. It traced its legitimac ...

, in which he was the minister of foreign affairs and the acting minister of justice from 1953 to 1962, and acting prime minister in duties of the minister of foreign affairs from 1962 to 1963. Warma served as prime minister in duties of the President of the Republic of Estonia from March 29, 1963, to December 23, 1970.Aleksander Varma
at president.ee In 1964 he also became the Estonian diplomatic representative in

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...

References

Sources

Aleksander Warma
*

Ülo Kaevats Ülo Kaevats (29 September 1947 – 30 January 2015) was an Estonian statesman, academic and philosopher. In 1972, he graduated from the Faculty of Physics and Chemistry of the University of Tartu with a qualification from a physicist and a rese ...

et al. 2000. ''Eesti Entsüklopeedia 14''. Tallinn: Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus, {{DEFAULTSORT:Warma, Aleksander 1890 births 1970 deaths People from Kuusalu Parish Politicians from Harju County People from Kreis Harrien Government ministers of Estonia Envoys of Estonia Estonian anti-communists University of Tartu alumni Estonian military personnel of the Estonian War of Independence Recipients of the Order of the White Star, 2nd Class Estonian World War II refugees Estonian emigrants to Sweden

Biography

See also

References

Sources