''Albinaria'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of air-breathing

land snail A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have gastropod shell, shel ...

terrestrial Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth, as opposed to extraterrestrial. Terrestrial may also refer to: * Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on o ...

pulmonate Pulmonata or pulmonates is an informal group (previously an order, and before that, a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group inclu ...

gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...

mollusk Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...

s in the family

Clausiliidae Clausiliidae, also known by the common name door snails, is a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic family (biology), family of small, very elongate, mostly Gastropod shell#Chirality in gastropods, left-handed, air-breathing land snails, sinistral terre ...

, called the door snails.

Ecology and Life Cycle

These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on algae and lichen. They are known to be active during the rainy seasons, that is, in Mediterranean lowlands, from November to April. Eggs are laid shortly after the beginning of the wet season. It takes two to three wet seasons for development from a juvenile to a fully grown shell . During the intermittent dry seasons, both young and adult snails, aestivate ("the warm weather equivalent of hibernation") on the rocks or in crevices inside the rocks. For aestivation, aggregates are often formed, sometimes reaching sizes of many hundreds of individuals. During the last dry season prior to sexual maturation, the subadult snail (the shell of which is already fully developed, albeit thinner than that of an adult) increases the size of its genital organs. Copulation then takes place during the first weeks of autumn rains. Population densities can sometimes be very high, in spite of heavy predation by beetle larvae of the genus ''Drilus''. These insects attack the snails during their aestivation, perforating the shell and eating the snail inside.

Distribution

Distribution of the genus ''Albinaria'' includes: * southern Albania * Greece * Cyprus * western and southern Turkey * Lebanon

Species

Species in this genus include 111 species:''Species in genus Albinaria ''
AnimalBase, accessed 21 September 2009. * '' Albinaria adrianae'' Gittenberger, 1979 * ''

Albinaria adriani ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Gittenberger, 1987) * ''

Albinaria alajana ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Boettger, 1896) * ''

Albinaria amalthea ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Westerlund, 1878) * ''

Albinaria anatolica ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Roth, 1839) * ''

Albinaria arcadica ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Boettger, 1878) * ''

Albinaria argynnis ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Westerlund, 1898) * ''

Albinaria ariadne ''Albinaria ariadne'' is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails. The species is endemic to Crete. It has been stated that further research is necessary whether ...

'' Schilthuizen & Gittenberger, 1991 * '' Albinaria arthuriana'' (Boettger, 1878) * '' Albinaria avia'' (Charpentier, 1852) * ''

Albinaria basalifera ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' Neubert, 1992 * ''

Albinaria bigibbosula ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Westerlund, 1878) * ''

Albinaria brevicollis ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Pfeiffer, 1850) * ''

Albinaria broemmei ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Boettger, 1892) * ''

Albinaria butoti ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Nordsieck, 1984) * ''

Albinaria byzantina ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Charpentier, 1852) * ''

Albinaria caerulea ''Albinaria caerulea'' is a species of air-breathing rock-dwelling clausiliidae land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails. Habitat ''Albinaria caerulea'' lives, like most ''Albinaria'' spec ...

'' (Deshayes, 1835) * ''

Albinaria campylauchen ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Boettger, 1883) * ''

Albinaria candida ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Pfeiffer, 1850) * ''

Albinaria cerigottana ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Boettger, 1894) * ''

Albinaria christae ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' Wiese, 1989 * ''

Albinaria compressa ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Pfeiffer, 1850) * '' Albinaria confusa'' (Boettger, 1878) * '' Albinaria contaminata'' (Rossmässler, 1835) * ''

Albinaria corrugata ''Albinaria corrugata'' is a species of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails. Distribution This species occurs in: * List of non-marine molluscs o ...

'' (Bruguière, 1792) * '' Albinaria cretensis'' (Rossmässler, 1836) * ''

Albinaria cristatella ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Küster, 1861) * '' Albinaria cytherae'' (Boettger, 1894) * '' Albinaria discolor'' (Pfeiffer, 1846) * ''

Albinaria eburnea ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Pfeiffer, 1854) * ''

Albinaria edmundi ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Gittenberger, 1987) * ''

Albinaria evelynae ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' Gittenberger, 1998 * '' Albinaria forbesiana'' (Pfeiffer, 1846) * '' Albinaria freytagi'' (Boettger, 1889) * '' Albinaria fuchskaeufeli'' Nordsieck, 1977 * ''

Albinaria gerolimena ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' Nordsieck, 1974 * '' Albinaria grayana'' (Pfeiffer, 1846) * '' Albinaria greeni'' Tomlin, 1935 * ''

Albinaria grisea ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Deshayes, 1835) * ''

Albinaria haessleini ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' Fauer, 1978 * ''

Albinaria hians ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Boettger, 1878) * '' Albinaria hippolyti'' (Boettger, 1878) * '' Albinaria hohorsti'' Nordsieck, 1984 * ''

Albinaria idaea ''Albinaria idaea'' is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails.MolluscaBase 2018. ''Albinaria idaea'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1850). Accessed through: World Register of Ma ...

'' (Pfeiffer, 1850) * ''

Albinaria idyllica ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Gittenberger, 1987) * '' Albinaria ietswaarti'' Gittenberger & Menkhorst, 1992 * '' Albinaria inauris'' (Boettger, 1896) * ''

Albinaria ithomensis ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' Nordsieck, 1984 * ''

Albinaria jaeckeli ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' Wiese, 1989 * ''

Albinaria janicollis ''Albinaria janicollis'' is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails. Distribution This species occurs in Greece. It is endemic to Crete, where it occurs only o ...

'' Schultes & Wiese, 1991 * ''

Albinaria janisadana ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' Loosjes, 1955 * '' Albinaria jonica'' (Pfeiffer, 1866) * '' Albinaria kemerensis'' Nordsieck, 1993 * ''

Albinaria klemmi ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' Paget, 1971 * ''

Albinaria krueperi ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Pfeiffer, 1866) * '' Albinaria latelamellaris'' Neubert, Örstan & Welter-Schultes, 2000 * '' Albinaria lerosiensis'' (Pfeiffer, 1841) * ''

Albinaria li ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' Welter-Schultes, 1999 * ''

Albinaria linnei ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' Gittenberger, 2008 * ''

Albinaria litoraria ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' Neubert, 1998 * ''

Albinaria lycica ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' Nordsieck, 1993 * ''

Albinaria maculosa ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Deshayes, 1835) * ''

Albinaria maltzani ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Böttger, 1883) * '' Albinaria manselli'' (Boettger, 1883) * ''

Albinaria mavromoustakisi ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, w ...

'' Brandt, 1961 * ''

Albinaria menelaus ''Albinaria menelaus'' is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails. The species is endemic to Greece and only known from the southern Peloponnese The Peloponn ...

'' (Martens, 1873) * ''

Albinaria mixta ''Albinaria mixta'' is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails. The species is endemic to Greece and only known from the eastern Peloponnes ...

'' Nordsieck, 1984 * '' Albinaria monocristata'' Neubert, 1992 * '' Albinaria moreletiana'' (Boettger, 1878) * '' Albinaria munda'' (Rossmässler, 1836) * ''

Albinaria myrensis ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' Nordsieck, 1993 * '' Albinaria nadimi'' Tohme & Tohme, 1988 * '' Albinaria nivea'' (Pfeiffer, 1854) * '' Albinaria olivieri'' (Roth, 1839) * '' Albinaria papillifera'' Nordsieck, 1993 * '' Albinaria pellucida'' Nordsieck, 1993 * '' Albinaria pelocarinata'' Gittenberger, 1994 * ''

Albinaria percristata ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' Nordsieck, 1993 * ''

Albinaria petrosa ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Pfeiffer, 1849) * ''

Albinaria praeclara ''Albinaria praeclara'' is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails. Distribution This species occurs in: * Greece Greece, officially the Hellenic Repub ...

'' (Pfeiffer, 1853) * '' Albinaria profuga'' (Charpentier, 1852) * ''

Albinaria proteus ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Boettger, 1889) * ''

Albinaria puella ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Pfeiffer, 1850) * '' Albinaria rebeli'' Wagner, 1924 * '' Albinaria rechingeri'' Paget, 1971 * '' Albinaria retusa'' (Olivier, 1801) * ''

Albinaria rollei ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Boettger, 1896) * ''

Albinaria saxatilis ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Pfeiffer, 1846) * '' Albinaria schuetti'' Nordsieck, 1984 * '' Albinaria scopulosa'' (Charpentier, 1852) * '' Albinaria senilis'' (Rossmässler, 1836) * ''

Albinaria solicola ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' Neubert, 1998 * '' Albinaria sphakiota'' (Maltzan, 1887) * ''

Albinaria spratti ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Pfeiffer, 1846) * '' Albinaria staudingeri'' (Boettger, 1890) * '' Albinaria sturanyi'' Wagner, 1924 * '' Albinaria subaii'' (Nordsieck, 1984) * ''

Albinaria sublamellosa ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae Clausiliidae, also known by the common name door snails, is a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic family (biology), family of ...

'' (Boettger, 1883) * ''

Albinaria supercarinata ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' Gittenberger & Menkhorst, 1992 * '' Albinaria tenuicostata'' (Pfeiffer, 1864) * ''

Albinaria terebra ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Pfeiffer, 1853) * '' Albinaria teres'' (Olivier, 1801) * '' Albinaria thiesseae'' (Boettger, 1880) * '' Albinaria torticollis'' (Olivier, 1801) * ''

Albinaria turrita ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Pfeiffer, 1850) * ''

Albinaria violacea ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' Schilthuizen & Gittenberger, 1990 * '' Albinaria virgo'' (Mousson, 1854) * ''

Albinaria voithii ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Rossmässler, 1836) * ''

Albinaria wettsteini ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' Fuchs & Käufel, 1936 * ''

Albinaria wiesei ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' Gittenberger, 1988 * ''

Albinaria xanthostoma ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' (Böttger, 1883) * ''

Albinaria zilchi ''Albinaria'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, called the door snails. Ecology and Life Cycle These species of snails live on limestone rocks, where they feed on alga ...

'' Fauer, 1993

References

External links

* http://wwwuser.gwdg.de/~fwelter/research.htm * http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de/zooweb/servlet/AnimalBase/home/genus?id=1 {{Taxonbar, from=Q4712407

Ecology and Life Cycle

Distribution

Species

References

Further reading

External links