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Al-Janiya () is a
Palestinian Palestinians () are an Arab ethnonational group native to the Levantine region of Palestine. *: "Palestine was part of the first wave of conquest following Muhammad's death in 632 CE; Jerusalem fell to the Caliph Umar in 638. The indigenous p ...
village in the
Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate The Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate () is one of 16 governorates of Palestine. It covers a large part of the central West Bank, on the northern border of the Jerusalem Governorate. Its district capital or ''muhfaza'' (seat) is the city of ...
located 8 kilometers northwest of
Ramallah Ramallah ( , ; ) is a Palestinians, Palestinian city in the central West Bank, that serves as the administrative capital of the State of Palestine. It is situated on the Judaean Mountains, north of Jerusalem, at an average elevation of abov ...
in the northern
West Bank The West Bank is located on the western bank of the Jordan River and is the larger of the two Palestinian territories (the other being the Gaza Strip) that make up the State of Palestine. A landlocked territory near the coast of the Mediter ...
. According to the
Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics The Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS; ) is the official statistical institution of Palestine. Its main task is to provide credible statistical figures at the national and international levels. It is a state institution that provid ...
(PCBS), the village had a population of 1,296 inhabitants by 2017.


Location

Al Janiya is located 8.5 km west of
Ramallah Ramallah ( , ; ) is a Palestinians, Palestinian city in the central West Bank, that serves as the administrative capital of the State of Palestine. It is situated on the Judaean Mountains, north of Jerusalem, at an average elevation of abov ...
. It is bordered by Al-Zaytouneh and
Ein Qiniya Ein Qiniya or 'Ayn Kiniya () is a State of Palestine, Palestinian village in the northern West Bank, located northwest of Ramallah and part of the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate of the State of Palestine. Ein Qiniya has existed since the Roma ...
to the east,
Ras Karkar Ras Karkar () is a Palestinian village in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate of the State of Palestine, located northwest of Ramallah in the northern West Bank. Ras Karkar is a small village situated atop a commanding hill. One of the thron ...
and
Kafr Ni'ma Kafr Ni'ma () is a Palestinian town in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate, located 13 kilometers northwest of Ramallah in the northern West Bank. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the town had a population of 4 ...
to the west, Al-Zaytouneh and Al-Itihad to the north, and
Deir Ibzi Deir Ibzi () is a Palestinian town in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate, located west of Ramallah in the northern West Bank. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the town had a population of 2,590 inhabitants in 2017. ...
to the south.


Etymology

Originally called Dajānah / d-əjāniyi, الدجانية/ in 16th century Ottoman documents, the surname Dajāni الدجاني is derived from it.
Roy Marom Roy Marom (, ) is an Israeli historian and historical geographer. Marom is the curator of the Palestinian Rural History Project, which specializes in the history of the Palestinian countryside during the Ottoman and British Mandate periods. ...
and Ran Zadok have shown that the initial /d/ was lost for assimilation of the silent /d/ with the /j/ j/ like in jāj < dəjāj < dajāj “chicken”.


History and archaeology


Iron Age to Mamluk period

Iron Age II The Iron Age () is the final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages, after the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age. It has also been considered as the final age of the three-age division starting with prehistory (before recorded history) and progre ...
,Finkelstein et al., 1997, p. 314
Hellenistic In classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Greek history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the death of Cleopatra VII in 30 BC, which was followed by the ascendancy of the R ...
,
Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of Roman civilization *Epistle to the Romans, shortened to Romans, a letter w ...
and
Byzantine The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Having survived the events that caused the fall of the Western Roman E ...
periods have been found here. Sherds have also been found here from the
Crusader Crusader or Crusaders may refer to: Military * Crusader, a participant in one of the Crusades * Convair NB-36H Crusader, an experimental nuclear-powered bomber * Crusader tank, a British cruiser tank of World War II * Crusaders (guerrilla), a C ...
/ Ayyubid The Ayyubid dynasty (), also known as the Ayyubid Sultanate, was the founding dynasty of the medieval Sultan of Egypt, Sultanate of Egypt established by Saladin in 1171, following his abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate, Fatimid Caliphate of Egyp ...
and Mamluk periods. There are Arabic and Greek inscriptions in the village mosque, which has been dated to 731 A.H., that is, 1330-31 Common Era">C.E.Sharon, 2016, pp
167171
/ref>


Ottoman period

Sherds from the Early
Ottoman period have been found there. In the Ottoman daftar">census A census (from Latin ''censere'', 'to assess') is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording, and calculating population information about the members of a given Statistical population, population, usually displayed in the form of stati ...
of 1500s, ''Dajjaniyya'' was located in the ''nahiya'' of Al-Quds, Quds. In 1838 ''el-Janieh'' was noted as partly a Greek Christians, Christian and partly a Muslim village, part of ''Beni Harith'' area, located north of Jerusalem. Al-Janiya, together with er-Ras, were the chief towns for the ruling family of Simhan. The chief
Sheikh Sheikh ( , , , , ''shuyūkh'' ) is an honorific title in the Arabic language, literally meaning "elder (administrative title), elder". It commonly designates a tribal chief or a Muslim ulama, scholar. Though this title generally refers to me ...
of the Simhan family was Isma'il, who was killed by Ibrahim Pasha in the 1834 uprising. After Isma'il, Hasan es-Sa'id and Mohammah ibn Isma'il became the rulers. In 1870,
Victor Guérin Victor Guérin (; 15 September 1821 – 21 September 1890) was a French people, French intellectual, explorer and amateur archaeologist. He published books describing the geography, archeology and history of the areas he explored, which included ...
found it to be a village of 400 inhabitants, all
Muslims Muslims () are people who adhere to Islam, a Monotheism, monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God ...
except a few "Greek schismatics". He also suggested that the
mosque A mosque ( ), also called a masjid ( ), is a place of worship for Muslims. The term usually refers to a covered building, but can be any place where Salah, Islamic prayers are performed; such as an outdoor courtyard. Originally, mosques were si ...
stood on the site of a previous church. An Ottoman village list from about same year found that the village had a population of 29 "Greeks" in 8 houses, and 268 Muslims in 58 houses, though the population survey only counted the men. It was noted that it was located NWW of
Ramallah Ramallah ( , ; ) is a Palestinians, Palestinian city in the central West Bank, that serves as the administrative capital of the State of Palestine. It is situated on the Judaean Mountains, north of Jerusalem, at an average elevation of abov ...
.Socin, 1879, p
153
It was also noted that it was in the ''Beni Harit'' area. In 1882, the PEF's ''
Survey of Western Palestine The PEF Survey of Palestine was a series of surveys carried out by the Palestine Exploration Fund (PEF) between 1872 and 1877 for the completed Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) and in 1880 for the soon abandoned Survey of Eastern Palestine. The ...
'' (SWP) described it: "A small village on high ground, with two Mukams and a
well A well is an excavation or structure created on the earth by digging, driving, or drilling to access liquid resources, usually water. The oldest and most common kind of well is a water well, to access groundwater in underground aquifers. The ...
on the east; on the north is a modern graveyard. Olives exist round." Two different estimates were given of the population of ''Ed-dschanije'' in 1896, one gave a population of 528, while another estimate gave the population to be 342 Muslims and 36 Christians.


British Mandate

In the
1922 census of Palestine The 1922 census of Palestine was the first census carried out by the authorities of the British Mandate of Palestine, on 23 October 1922. The reported population was 757,182, including the military and persons of foreign nationality. The divis ...
conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Al-Janiya had a population of 180; 177 Muslims and 3 Orthodox Christians.Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramallah, p.
16
/ref>Barron, 1923, Table XIV, p
45
/ref> This had increased by the time of the 1931 census to 250, 245 Muslims and 5 Christians, in 60 houses.Mills, 1932, p
49
 In the 1945 statistics the population was 300, all Muslims,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p
26
/ref> while the total land area was 7,565
dunam A dunam ( Ottoman Turkish, Arabic: ; ; ; ), also known as a donum or dunum and as the old, Turkish, or Ottoman stremma, was the Ottoman unit of area analogous in role (but not equal) to the Greek stremma or English acre, representing the amo ...
s, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 2,961 were plantations and irrigable land, 1,423 for cereals, while 40 dunams were classified as built-up (urban) areas.


Jordanian period

In the wake of the
1948 Arab–Israeli War The 1948 Arab–Israeli War, also known as the First Arab–Israeli War, followed the 1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine, civil war in Mandatory Palestine as the second and final stage of the 1948 Palestine war. The civil war becam ...
and after the
1949 Armistice Agreements The 1949 Armistice Agreements were signed between Israel and Egypt,Jordanian rule. The Jordanian census of 1961 found 451 inhabitants in ''Janiya''.


Post-1967

Since the
Six-Day War The Six-Day War, also known as the June War, 1967 Arab–Israeli War or Third Arab–Israeli War, was fought between Israel and a coalition of Arab world, Arab states, primarily United Arab Republic, Egypt, Syria, and Jordan from 5 to 10June ...
in 1967, Al-Janiya has been under
Israeli occupation Israel has occupied the Golan Heights of Syria and the Palestinian territories since the Six-Day War of 1967. It has previously occupied the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt and southern Lebanon as well. Prior to 1967, control of the Palestinian terr ...
. After the 1995 accords, 7.9% of village land was classified as Area B, the remaining 92.1% as
Area C Area C (; ) is the fully Israeli-controlled territory in the West Bank, defined as the whole area outside the Palestinian enclaves (Areas A and B). Area C constitutes about 61 percent of the West Bank territory, containing most Israeli settle ...
. 867 dunams of land was confiscated for the
Israeli settlement Israeli settlements, also called Israeli colonies, are the civilian communities built by Israel throughout the Israeli-occupied territories. They are populated by Israeli citizens, almost exclusively of Israeli Jews, Jewish identity or ethni ...
of
Dolev Dolev () is an Israeli settlement organized as a community settlement in the West Bank. Located north-west of Jerusalem, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Binyamin Regional Council. In it had a population of . Israeli settlements in t ...
, in addition to 1,667 dunams for the settlement of Talmon. In 1989, 4,000 acres of privately owned land in Al-Janiya was confiscated and given to the Israeli settlement of Talmon. By 2010, Al-Janiya had lost 10,000 acres due to Israeli confiscations. By 2012, Israeli settlers regularly came armed, taking control of a local water source. The spring, ''Ein El Masraj'', earlier used for irrigation by Al-Janiya, had been physically taken over by Israeli settlers from Talmon, who had renamed it ''Ein Talmon''. The spring ''Ein El Mallah'', used by Al-Janiya both for domestic use and irrigation, was in danger of being taken over. The spring pools are being used by children for cooling down during the hot months. By 2014, farming on local land was difficult, since Israeli authorities have declared much of it, enclosing olive groves, a 'closed military zone', which Palestinian farmers are allowed to access on average only two days a year, and many of the trees are uprooted by settlers.'Denied land access, Palestinians miss olive harvest,'
Ma'an News Agency Ma'an News Agency (MNA; ) is a large wire service created in 2005 in the Palestinian territories. It is part of the Ma'an Network, a non-governmental organization media network created in 2002 in the Palestinian territories among independent journ ...
29 October 2014. In November 2016,
Israeli settlers Israeli may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to the State of Israel * Israelis, citizens or permanent residents of the State of Israel * Modern Hebrew, a language * ''Israeli'' (newspaper), published from 2006 to 2008 * Guni Israeli (b ...
attacked four Palestinian farmers while they were harvesting their olives. The settlers, according to Palestinian witnesses and victims, shouted "Kill the Arabs" and "we will kill you, you sluts", and were armed with knives and clubs. After beating them up, they were filmed returning to an outpost below
Neria, Mateh Binyamin Neria (, ), also known as Talmon Tzafon () or Talmon Bet (), is a national-religious Israeli settlement in the West Bank, officially recognised by the Israeli government as a "neighborhood" of Talmon. It sits between Modi'in Illit and Ramallah, ...
.
Gideon Levy Gideon Levy (, ; born 2 June 1953) is an Israeli journalist and author. Levy writes opinion pieces and a weekly column for the newspaper ''Haaretz'' that often focus on the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories. Levy has won prizes ...
and
Alex Levac Alex Levac (; born 1944, Tel Aviv) is an Israeli photojournalist and street photographer. He was awarded the Israel Prize for photography in 2005.Haaretz photographer Alex Levac wins Israel Prize By Smadar Sheffi and Yulie Khromchenko, Ha'aretz ...
(Nov. 11, 2016)
''A pogrom shakes a Palestinian village strangled by Israeli settlements''
Haaretz ''Haaretz'' (; originally ''Ḥadshot Haaretz'' – , , ) is an List of newspapers in Israel, Israeli newspaper. It was founded in 1918, making it the longest running newspaper currently in print in Israel. The paper is published in Hebrew lan ...


Maqam of ash-Sheikh Ahmed a-Dajani

In the center of the village al-Janiya, housed within a mosque, lies the
maqam Maqam, makam, maqaam or maqām (plural maqāmāt) may refer to: Musical structures * Arabic maqam, melodic modes in traditional Arabic music ** Iraqi maqam, a genre of Arabic maqam music found in Iraq * Persian maqam, a notion in Persian clas ...
(holy tomb) of ''ash-Sheikh Ahmed a-Dajani''. This
Sufi Sufism ( or ) is a mysticism, mystic body of religious practice found within Islam which is characterized by a focus on Islamic Tazkiyah, purification, spirituality, ritualism, and Asceticism#Islam, asceticism. Practitioners of Sufism are r ...
sheikh, hailing from
North Africa North Africa (sometimes Northern Africa) is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region. However, it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of t ...
, resided in the village, then called ''Dajjaniyya'', during the 16th century. He is considered a patriarch of the Dajani family of Jerusalem, whose members are said to be from the lineage of
Husayn ibn Ali Husayn ibn Ali (; 11 January 626 – 10 October 680 Common Era, CE) was a social, political and religious leader in early medieval Arabia. The grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and an Alids, Alid (the son of Ali ibn Abu Talib ibn Abd a ...
. However, the tomb bears an inscription stating it was built in 1330, a date that does not align with the time of the saint, which according to Muslim sources, was buried in the
Mamilla Cemetery Mamilla Cemetery, sometimes called Ma'aman Allah Cemetery (), is a historic Muslim cemetery in West Jerusalem that dates back to the Crusades, and lies just to the west of the north-west corner of the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem, near th ...
in Jerusalem in 1562. Al-Dajani's occupation involved overseeing trade convoys traveling from Fez in
Morocco Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It has coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to Algeria–Morocc ...
to
Medina Medina, officially al-Madinah al-Munawwarah (, ), also known as Taybah () and known in pre-Islamic times as Yathrib (), is the capital of Medina Province (Saudi Arabia), Medina Province in the Hejaz region of western Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, ...
in the
Arabian Peninsula The Arabian Peninsula (, , or , , ) or Arabia, is a peninsula in West Asia, situated north-east of Africa on the Arabian plate. At , comparable in size to India, the Arabian Peninsula is the largest peninsula in the world. Geographically, the ...
. However, after a conflict with the wealthiest family in the village, he decided to depart, despite the village
mukhtar A mukhtar (; ) is a village chief in the Levant: "an old institution that goes back to the time of the Ottoman rule". According to Amir S. Cheshin, Bill Hutman and Avi Melamed, the mukhtar "for centuries were the central figures". They "were ...
requesting him to stay. Before leaving, he agreed to change his last name to raise the prestige and renown of the village, ensuring everyone would know he had been a resident there. Angered by the behavior of the local villagers towards the sheikh, the mukhtar declared that he would change the name of ''Dajjaniyya'' to the current name, al-Janiya.


References


Bibliography

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *


External links


Welcome To al-Janiya
at Palestine Remembered *Survey of Western Palestine, Map 14
IAAWikimedia commons Al Janiya Village (Fact Sheet)
Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem The Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem (ARIJ; ) is a Palestinian NGO founded in 1990 with its main office in Bethlehem in the West Bank. ARIJ is actively working on research projects in the fields of management of natural resources, water m ...
, ARIJ
Al Janiya Village Profile
ARIJ
Al Janiya, aerial photo
ARIJ
Locality Development Priorities and Needs in Al Janiya Village
ARIJ {{DEFAULTSORT:Janiya Villages in the West Bank Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate Municipalities of Palestine