Conquest of remaining Visigothic rule
On al-Samh's accession to office, the Visigothic kingSiege and defeat at Toulouse
After setting up his headquarters in Narbonne, military moves took an unexpected turn when Al-Samh returned to Muslim Iberia to gather more Arab-Berber troops prior to attacking the strongly defended Aquitanian capital city of Toulouse. While the ultimate reasons remain obscure, it has been argued that Odo provided shelter to Visigothic elites and population fleeing the theater of war around the eastern Pyrenees. Al-Samh returned to Septimania and on to southeastern Aquitaine with a massive army, siege engines, infantry, horsemen and mercenaries. The siege of Toulouse, with its near-impregnable walls, lasted until early summer. The defenders, short of provisions, were close to breaking when, around June 9, 721, Odo the Great, the duke of Aquitaine, returned at the head of a large Aquitanian and Frankish force, attacking al-Samh's rear and launching a highly successful encircling movement. A major, decisive battle ensued. Caught between the Toulouse defenders and Eudes's men, al-Samh tried to break out, but was trapped with the bulk of his troops in a place that came to be called by Muslim chroniclers ''Balat al Shuhada'' ('the path of the martyrs') where he made a determined last stand as his army was decimated by Odo's forces. Al-Samh himself was critically wounded, and died shortly afterwards in Narbonne.Notes
{{DEFAULTSORT:Samh ibn Malik al-Khawlani Arab generals 8th-century Arabs 8th century in Francia 8th-century rulers in Europe 721 deaths Umayyad governors of Al-Andalus Generals of the Umayyad Caliphate Year of birth unknown 8th-century people from the Umayyad Caliphate