Al-Khaṭṭāb ibn Nufayl () was an
Arab
Arabs (, , ; , , ) are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa. A significant Arab diaspora is present in various parts of the world.
Arabs have been in the Fertile Crescent for thousands of years ...
chief
Chief may refer to:
Title or rank
Military and law enforcement
* Chief master sergeant, the ninth, and highest, enlisted rank in the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Space Force
* Chief of police, the head of a police department
* Chief of the boat ...
from the Meccan branch of
Quraysh
The Quraysh () are an Tribes of Arabia, Arab tribe who controlled Mecca before the rise of Islam. Their members were divided into ten main clans, most notably including the Banu Hashim, into which Islam's founding prophet Muhammad was born. By ...
. He lived during the sixth century and was a contemporary of the Islamic prophet
Muhammad
Muhammad (8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. Muhammad in Islam, According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the tawhid, monotheistic teachings of A ...
. His son
Umar
Umar ibn al-Khattab (; ), also spelled Omar, was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634 until his assassination in 644. He succeeded Abu Bakr () and is regarded as a senior companion and father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Mu ...
would later become
Muslim
Muslims () are people who adhere to Islam, a Monotheism, monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God ...
, and would come to be the second
Rashidun Caliph
The Rashidun Caliphate () is a title given for the reigns of first caliphs (lit. "successors") — Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali collectively — believed to represent the perfect Islam and governance who led the Muslim community and po ...
. He was the ancestor of a good number of the
companions of the Prophet
The Companions of the Prophet () were the Muslim disciples and followers of the Islamic prophet Muhammad who saw or met him during his lifetime. The companions played a major role in Muslim battles, society, hadith narration, and governance ...
.
Biography
Al-Khattab was the son of Nufayl ibn Abd al-Uzza. His father was the chief of
Banu Adi
Banu Adi () was a clan of the Quraysh tribe descended from Adi ibn Ka'b. The Banu Adi were with the Meccans as part of the escort that preceded the Battle of Badr; they did not join Quraysh further.
Notable members
Clan members include:
* Umar ...
clan of
Quraysh
The Quraysh () are an Tribes of Arabia, Arab tribe who controlled Mecca before the rise of Islam. Their members were divided into ten main clans, most notably including the Banu Hashim, into which Islam's founding prophet Muhammad was born. By ...
. After the death of his father, he succeeded him as the chief of Banu Adi.
Al-Khattab had a brother who died young. The name of this bother was Amr ibn Nufayl. Amr had a son named Zayd. He had good relations with his tribesmen and kin. However, his relationship with his nephew
Zayd ibn Amr started gradually deteriorating because his nephew had
denied the subordinate gods to Allāh and he embraced strict monotheism. This angered many members of Nufayl family and Banu Adi clan.
Zayd's wife Safiya disliked his travels to Syria. Whenever she saw him preparing for a journey, she reported it to al-Khattab, who would reproach Zayd for abandoning their religion. Zayd did not bother to explain himself to al-Khattab, but he rebuked Safiya for trying to humiliate him.
Al-Khattab harassed Zayd so severely that Zayd was forced to leave the city. He spent the last few years of his life in the mountain caves surrounding Mecca. Al-Khattab then instructed the "young irresponsible men of the Quraysh" to ensure that Zayd could never enter the city again. Whenever Zayd tried to enter in secret, al-Khattab's men drove him out again.
[Guillaume, A. (1960). ''New Light on the Life of Muhammad'', p. 27. Manchester: Manchester University Press.]
One time, his nephew Zayd ibn Amr taunted him for worshiping idols.
He had a son,
Umar
Umar ibn al-Khattab (; ), also spelled Omar, was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634 until his assassination in 644. He succeeded Abu Bakr () and is regarded as a senior companion and father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Mu ...
. His other children included a daughter,
Fatimah bint al-Khattab, and a son
Zayd ibn al-Khattab
Zayd ibn al-Khaṭṭāb (; – 632) was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muḥammad and a brother of Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Islamic caliph.
Biography
He was the son of al-Khattab ibn Nufayl, a member of the Adi clan of the Qura ...
. The daughter married the
hanif
In Islam, the terms (; , ) and (; ) are primarily used to refer to pre-Islamic Arabians who were Abrahamic monotheists. Muslims regard these people favorably for shunning Arabian polytheism and instead solely worshipping the God of Abraha ...
Said ibn Zayd
Saʿīd ibn Zayd (; 593-671), also known by his '' kunya'' Abūʾl-Aʿwar, was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a brother-in-law of Umar.
Sa'id has been described as a tall, hairy, dark-skinned man.
Conversion to Islam
Sa ...
, and later both became Muslim. However, they hid their new faith from al-Khattab and Umar. Al-Khattab died between
614
__NOTOC__
Year 614 ( DCXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 614 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe ...
and
616
__NOTOC__
Year 616 ( DCXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 616 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe f ...
.
In accounts preserved by
al-Yahsubi (d. 1149), al-Khattab converted to Islam.
Family
Al-Khattab was the relative of many Companions of
Muhammad
Muhammad (8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. Muhammad in Islam, According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the tawhid, monotheistic teachings of A ...
.
; Father
*
Nufayl ibn Abd al-Uzza, He was a slave of Abdul Muttalib.
; Mother
* Sahak, she was a shepherd who worked for Abdul Muttalib.
; Wife
*
Hantamah bint Hisham
Ḥantamah bint Hashim () was the mother of Umar ibn al-Khattab and wife of Khattab ibn Nufayl. She lived during the 6th century and was a contemporary of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Her son Umar would become Muslim and is regarded as the seco ...
, she belongs to the wealthy clan of Quraysh
Banu Makhzum
The Banu Makhzum () was one of the wealthy clans of the Quraysh (tribe), Quraysh. They are regarded as being among the three most powerful and influential clans in Mecca before the advent of Islam, the other two being the Banu Hashim (the tribe of ...
.
* Asma bint Wahb, was the second wife of al-Khattab
;Children
The children of al-Khattab are:
*
Umar ibn al-Khattab
Umar ibn al-Khattab (; ), also spelled Omar, was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634 until his assassination in 644. He succeeded Abu Bakr () and is regarded as a senior companion and father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muh ...
, he was the elder son of Hantamah and Al-Khattab
*
Fatimah bint al-Khattab, daughter of Hantamah and Al-Khattab
*
Zayd ibn al-Khattab
Zayd ibn al-Khaṭṭāb (; – 632) was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muḥammad and a brother of Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Islamic caliph.
Biography
He was the son of al-Khattab ibn Nufayl, a member of the Adi clan of the Qura ...
, he was the son of Al-Khattab and his second wife Asma bint Wahb.
;Daughters and sons-in-law
*
Sa'id bin Zayd
Saʿīd ibn Zayd (; 593-671), also known by his '' kunya'' Abūʾl-Aʿwar, was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a brother-in-law of Umar.
Sa'id has been described as a tall, hairy, dark-skinned man.
Conversion to Islam
Sa ...
*
Zaynab bint Madhun
Zaynab bint Maẓʿūn (Arabic: زينب بنت مظعون) was the first wife of Umar.
Biography
She was the daughter of Maz'un ibn Habib of the Jumah clan of the Quraysh in Mecca;Muhammad ibn Saad. ''Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir'' vol. 3. Transl ...
, she married Umar before 605
[Muhammad ibn Saad. ''Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir'' vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). ''The Women of Madina''. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.]
*
Umm Kulthum bint Jarwal
Umm Kulthūm bint Jarwal (Arabic: أم كلثم بنت جرول), also known as Mulayka (Arabic: مليكة), was a wife of Umar and a companion of Muhammad.
Biography
She was born in Mecca as a member of the Khuza'a tribe. Her father was e ...
, she married Umar ibn al-Khattab before 616,
*
Qurayba bint Abi Umayya
Qurayba "the Younger" bint Abi Umayya was a companion of Muhammad and was a wife of the second Rashidun caliph, Umar, and then of the first Umayyad caliph, Mu'awiya.
Biography
Family
She was from the Makhzum clan of the Quraysh tribe in Mecca. ...
, she married Umar before 616.
[Muhammad ibn Ishaq. ''Sirat Rasul Allah''. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). ''The Life of Muhammad''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.][Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk''. Translated by Fishbein, M. (1997). ''Volume 8: The Victory of Islam''. Albany: State University of New York Press.]
;Grandchildren
*
Hafsa bint Umar
Hafsa bint Umar (; 605–665) was the fourth wife of Muhammad and a daughter of the second caliph Umar (). In Islamic writings, her name is thus often prefixed by the title "Mother of the Believers" (Arabic: أمّ المؤمنين, romanized ...
*
Abdullah ibn Umar
ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb (; ), commonly known as Ibn Umar, was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a son of the second Caliph Umar. He was a prominent authority in ''hadith'' and law. He remained neutral during th ...
*
Ubaydullah ibn Umar
*
Zayd ibn Umar
Zayd ibn ʿUmar (), was a son of the second caliph Omar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb and his wife Umm Kulthum bint Ali, a granddaughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
Biography
He was the son of Umar ibnul Khattab and Umm Kulthum bint Ali.Muhammad ibn ...
*
Asim ibn Umar
Asim ibn Umar ibn al-Khattab (; –c. 689) was the son of Jamila bint Thabit and Umar, Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Rashidun Caliphate, Rashidun caliph. Asim was also a famous Hadith studies, hadith scholar.
Biography
Asim was the son of Umar ...
, famous early Muslim scholar.
* Abdurrahman ibn Sa'id ibn Zayd, also known as Zayd Abdur Rahman the Elder, was the son of his daughter Fatima.
References
External links
*https://web.archive.org/web/20120717072558/http://www.sunnahonline.com/ilm/seerah/0019.htm
{{DEFAULTSORT:Khattab ibn Nufayl
Umar
6th-century Arab people
Banu Adi
People from Mecca