Ahtisaari Plan
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The Ahtisaari Plan, formally the Comprehensive Proposal for the Kosovo Status Settlement (CSP), is a status settlement proposed by former President of Finland
Martti Ahtisaari Martti Oiva Kalevi Ahtisaari (, 23 June 1937 – 16 October 2023) was a Finnish politician, the tenth president of Finland, from 1994 to 2000, a Nobel Peace Prize laureate, and a United Nations diplomat and mediation, mediator noted for his inte ...
covering a wide range of issues related to the status of
Kosovo Kosovo, officially the Republic of Kosovo, is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe with International recognition of Kosovo, partial diplomatic recognition. It is bordered by Albania to the southwest, Montenegro to the west, Serbia to the ...
. Some of the main components of the plan include the formation of the International Steering Group for Kosovo (ISG), the International Civilian Representative for Kosovo (ICR), and the
European Union Special Representative The European Union Special Representatives (EUSR) are emissaries of the European Union with specific tasks abroad. While the Ambassadors of the European Union, EU's ambassadors are responsible for affairs with a single country, Special Representa ...
(EUSR) for Kosovo, appointed by the
Council of the European Union The Council of the European Union, often referred to in the treaties and other official documents simply as the Council, and less formally known as the Council of Ministers, is the third of the seven institutions of the European Union (EU) a ...
.


Overview

The proposal included provisions covering: * Constitutional provisions * Rights of Communities and their Members * Decentralization of local government * Justice system * Religious and cultural heritage * International debt * Property and archives * National security * International Civilian Representative * European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) Rule of Law mission * International Military Presence (such as the continuation of KFOR) * Legislative agenda While not yet mentioning the word "independence", it included several provisions that were widely interpreted as implying statehood for Kosovo. For example, it would give Kosovo the right to apply for membership in international organizations, create a security force and adopt
national symbols A national symbol is a manifestation of a nation or community, serving as a representation of their National identity, identity and values. National symbols may be not only applied to sovereign states but also nations and countries in a state of ...
.


History

Martti Ahtisaari Martti Oiva Kalevi Ahtisaari (, 23 June 1937 – 16 October 2023) was a Finnish politician, the tenth president of Finland, from 1994 to 2000, a Nobel Peace Prize laureate, and a United Nations diplomat and mediation, mediator noted for his inte ...
stated in February 2007, after a period of consultations with the parties, that he would finalize his settlement proposal for submission to the
UN Security Council The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international peace and security, recommending the admission of new UN members to the General Assembly, an ...
, where he would also elaborate on the status issue itself. In Belgrade, Serbian Prime Minister
Vojislav Koštunica Vojislav Koštunica ( sr-cyrl, Војислав Коштуница, ; born 24 March 1944) is a Serbian former politician who served as the last President of Serbia and Montenegro, president of FR Yugoslavia from 2000 to 2003 and as the Prime Min ...
refused to meet Ahtisaari. Koštunica claimed that because Serbia had still not formed a new government after the January 21 parliamentary elections, he had no mandate to discuss Kosovo and therefore could not do so. Nevertheless, he later denounced the proposal as "illegitimate and unacceptable" because it allegedly "violates the U.N. Charter ... by undermining sovereignty of U.N. member Serbia." President
Boris Tadić Boris Tadić, (born 15 January 1958) is a Serbian politician who served as the president of Serbia from 2004 to 2012. Born in Sarajevo, he graduated from the University of Belgrade with a degree in psychology. He later worked as a journalist ...
did meet Ahtisaari, however, after which he reaffirmed his vow to never accept an independent Kosovo. Foreign Minister
Vuk Drašković Vuk Drašković ( sr-cyrl, Вук Драшковић, ; born 29 November 1946) is a Serbian writer and politician. He is the co-founder and former leader of the Serbian Renewal Movement, serving as president from 1990 to 2024. He also served as th ...
warned that it was "necessary to avoid an imposed solution that could cause Serbia to become a factor of instability." In Pristina, Kosovo Albanian leaders issued a statement after meeting with Ahtisaari stating they are "convinced that the international process for the resolution of Kosovo's status led by President Ahtisaari will be concluded soon with Kosovo becoming an independent state." The United States called the proposal "fair and balanced", while the EU Presidency noted that Ahtisaari's proposals "build on almost twelve months of direct talks between Belgrade and Pristina." On 21 February 2007, Ahtisaari began a period of consultations with the parties in Vienna to finalize the settlement. He made clear that his proposal was a draft and that he would incorporate compromise solutions into the final document. After this period of consultations and further modification, Ahtisaari convened a high-level meeting of the parties in Vienna on March 10. After this meeting, leaders from both sides signaled a total unwillingness to compromise on their central demands (Kosovo Albanians for Kosovo's independence; Serbia for continued sovereignty over Kosovo). Concluding that there was no chance for the two sides to reconcile their positions, Ahtisaari said he intended to submit his proposed status recommendations to the UN Security Council, including an explicit recommendation for the status outcome itself by the end of March.


Later developments

In November 2008, the EU accepted the demand of Serbia not to implement the plan of Ahtisaari through EULEX. In early 2012, then Serbian President
Boris Tadić Boris Tadić, (born 15 January 1958) is a Serbian politician who served as the president of Serbia from 2004 to 2012. Born in Sarajevo, he graduated from the University of Belgrade with a degree in psychology. He later worked as a journalist ...
recommended his Five-Point Plan for Kosovo, essentially a reworking of the Ahtisaari Plan. On 10 September 2012, the International Steering Group had its final meeting and formally ended its supervision, and Kosovo became responsible for its own governance.


Reaction

On February 10, 2007, Kosovar Albanians protested against the Ahtisaari Plan. Two were killed and others seriously injured after Romanian Police serving in UNMIK fired rubber bullets at the demonstrators.


See also

* Rambouillet Agreement


References


External links

* * {{Kosovo–Serbia relations Kosovo peace process
Plan A plan is typically any diagram or list of steps with details of timing and resources, used to achieve an Goal, objective to do something. It is commonly understood as a modal logic, temporal set (mathematics), set of intended actions through wh ...
Kosovo–Serbia relations Politics of Serbia Politics of Kosovo