Ahmed Bin Muhammed Al Thani
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Ahmed bin Mohammed Al Thani (; 1853– December 1905), was the second son of
Mohammed bin Thani Mohammed bin Thani (; – 18 December 1878), also known as Mohammed bin Thani bin Mohammed Al Thamir (), was the first ruler from the House of Thani to rule the whole Qatari Peninsula, officially being recognized by the British in September ...
, the Governor of
Doha Doha ( ) is the capital city and main financial hub of Qatar. Located on the Persian Gulf coast in the east of the country, north of Al Wakrah and south of Al Khor (city), Al Khor and Lusail, it is home to most of the country's population. It ...
(1894–1898),
Emir of Qatar The Emir of the State of Qatar () is the monarch and head of state of the country. The emir is also the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces and guarantor of the Constitution. The emir holds the most powerful position in the country, and has a ...
(1898–1905) and head of the Ahmed bin Muhammed Al Thani branch of the
House of Thani The House of Thani () is the ruling family of Qatar, with origins tracing back to the Adnanite Banu Tamim tribe. Today Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani and his mother Moza bint Nassir lead the house. History and structure The Al Thani family can be ...
, the ruling family of Qatar. He was also the younger brother of the founder of the
State of Qatar Qatar, officially the State of Qatar, is a country in West Asia. It occupies the Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in the Middle East; it shares its sole land border with Saudi Arabia to the south, with the ...
,
Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani (; – 17 July 1913), also known as "The Founder", was the founder of the State of Qatar. He had a total of 56 children, 19 sons and 37 daughters. Early life Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani was born around 1825. ...
. On the death of his cousin
Ali bin Abdullah Al Thani Ali bin Abdullah bin Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani (; 5 June 1895 – 31 August 1974) was the Emir of Qatar. Sheikh Ali was also the first Emir of Qatar to have migrated and traveled abroad, visiting India, Egypt, Europe, Lebanon and the Levan ...
, he became the
commander Commander (commonly abbreviated as Cmdr.) is a common naval officer rank as well as a job title in many army, armies. Commander is also used as a rank or title in other formal organizations, including several police forces. In several countri ...
leader of Qatar clans
coalitions A coalition is formed when two or more people or groups temporarily work together to achieve a common goal. The term is most frequently used to denote a formation of power in political, military, or economic spaces. Formation According to ''A G ...
against the
Egypt Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...
ian/
Albania Albania ( ; or ), officially the Republic of Albania (), is a country in Southeast Europe. It is located in the Balkans, on the Adriatic Sea, Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea, and shares land borders with Montenegro to ...
n
Midhat Pasha Ahmed Şefik Midhat Pasha (; 1822 – 26 April 1883) was an Ottoman politician, reformist, and statesman. He was the author of the Constitution of the Ottoman Empire. Midhat was born in Istanbul and educated from a private . In July 1872, he ...
army.


Sheikh Jasim's abdication in favor of Sheikh Ahmad

Multiple sources state that Sheikh Jasim abdicated in favor of his brother in 1898. In the same year Jasim moved to Lusail with his family, and even though he considered abdicating in favor of his son Sheikh Muhammad, he soon learned that the chiefs in Qatar preferred his brother Sheikh Ahmed. In a letter written by J. C. Gaskin, Assistant Political Agent, Bahrain on 20 September 1903 to Captain V. dkV. Hunt Political Resident in the Persian Gulf, it was stated "after obtaining their signature atar Chiefsto document to that effect, he informed the Porte, the Wali of Basrah, and the Mitassarif of Al Has of his abdication in favor of his brother, and request them to refer all matters to the latter in future, and Sheikh Ahmed has been virtually the Sheikh of Qatar, and accepted as such by the people as well as the Turks since 1898." Sheikh Ahmad verified his older brother's abdication when J. C. Gaskin met him on
Al Wakrah Al Wakrah () is the capital city of the Al Wakrah Municipality in Qatar. Al Wakrah's eastern edge touches the shores of the Persian Gulf and Qatar's capital Doha is situated immediately north of the city. Governed by Sheikh Abdulrahman bin Jassi ...
beach on 19 September 1903. Sheikh Ahmed was noted as a clever man with a remarkable personality by the Political Agent in Bahrain at that time, when he met the Sheikh in November 1905  at his house in
Al Bidda Al Bidda () is a neighborhood of Doha, Qatar. In the 19th century It was the largest town in Qatar, before Doha, an offshoot of Al Bidda, grew in prominence. Al Bidda was incorporated as a district in the Doha municipality in the late 20th centur ...
, describing him as “extraordinary”, in his letter to the Political Resident in the Persian Gulf. Prior to meeting the Ahmed, the Political Agent met with Jasim in Lusail where he had been residing, for more than five years. Jasim was in his eighties at the time and suffering from severe
ophthalmia Ophthalmia (; also called ophthalmitis, and archaically obtalmy) is inflammation of the eye. It results in congestion of the eyeball, often eye-watering, redness and swelling, itching and burning, and a general feeling of irritation under the ey ...
while being accompanied by his son-in-law Nasir bin Mubarak Al-Khalifa, which took the Political Agent by surprise as he was hoping to meet Jasim and Ahmad together. The Agent described the latter incident in his letter by stating "I was disappointed at not seeing Sheikh Ahmed in Sheikh Jasim's camp as he was aware that I had expressed a wish to meet him there. It seems, however, that a certain amount of latent jealousy exists between the two brothers and the presence of Nasir bin Mubarak whom he does not like also probably contributed to keep the younger brother away." The Political Agent wrote about his visit that took place in Ahmad's house a few days after visiting Jasim as he was adamant on meeting him, describing it as a hospitable visit, stating; "Sheikh Ahmed received me in a most friendly style, and put me up in his guest-room, making my clerical staff and sepoys most comfortable elsewhere." He also described Ahmed as one who possesses a partisan spirit who was popular and influential amongst his subjects. The forty-five year Ahmed also appeared to possess a lighthearted personality which is evident through the statement  "Whenever a point was hard pressed against him, he would break into most infectious roars of laughter, though the causes were hard to find, and to such an extent almost to make one question his sanity. There is no doubt however that the people of
Bahrain Bahrain, officially the Kingdom of Bahrain, is an island country in West Asia. Situated on the Persian Gulf, it comprises a small archipelago of 50 natural islands and an additional 33 artificial islands, centered on Bahrain Island, which mak ...
and
Qatar Qatar, officially the State of Qatar, is a country in West Asia. It occupies the Geography of Qatar, Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in the Middle East; it shares Qatar–Saudi Arabia border, its sole land b ...
regard him as being a strong and clever man."


Death

He was killed by his
servant A domestic worker is a person who works within a residence and performs a variety of household services for an individual, from providing cleaning and household maintenance, or cooking, laundry and ironing, or care for children and elderly ...
in Doha in December 1905. His murderer's name was Bin Mu'ammam and even though it was rumored that the murderer and his two accomplices were executed by Jasim, this was found to be incorrect. It was claimed by the British political agent residing in Bahrain at the time that overlooked, reported on and frequently visited Qatar that a strong minority of people in Qatar believed that Sheikh Khalifa, the eldest son of Jasim was an abettor in Ahmad's assassination. After Ahmad's death, his eldest son Sheikh Ali was considered to be appointed to take up his father's many responsibilities, but was deemed too young by Jasim.


Legacy

In honor of Shaikh Ahmad: * Ahmad bin Mohammed Military College was established in
Qatar Qatar, officially the State of Qatar, is a country in West Asia. It occupies the Geography of Qatar, Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in the Middle East; it shares Qatar–Saudi Arabia border, its sole land b ...
in 1996 by
Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani (; born 1 January 1952) is a member of Qatar's royal family, the House of Thani. He was the ruling Emir of Qatar from 1995 until 2013 when he abdicated the throne, handing power to his fourth son Tamim bin Hamad Al T ...
. * Ahmad bin Mohammed bin Thani street was named after him. * Ahmad bin Mohammed Secondary School for boys was established and named after him. Despite his honorable role as Jasim's right hand man throughout the establishment, and running of state affairs of the
State of Qatar Qatar, officially the State of Qatar, is a country in West Asia. It occupies the Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in the Middle East; it shares its sole land border with Saudi Arabia to the south, with the ...
, Ahmed is usually unmentioned during the Qatar National Day Celebrations held every year on 18 December. The overwhelming amount of evidence stating the succession of Ahmad as ruler of Qatar after his Jasim's abdication in 1898 is usually ignored by the Qatari media.


Children

* Sheikh Mubarak Bin Ahmed * Sheikh Muhammed Bin Ahmed (1877–1975) * Sheikh Abdullah Bin Ahmed (1880–1973) * Sheikh Ali Bin Ahmed (1883–1931) * Sheikh Abdelrahman Bin Ahmed (b. 1886) * Sheikh Nasir Bin Ahmed (1892–1906) * Sheikh Khalid Bin Ahmed (1893–1977) * Sheikh Abdelaziz Bin Ahmed (1894) * Sheikh Khalifa Bin Ahmed (1896–1983), grandfather of Abdullah bin Nasser bin Khalifa Al Thani * Sheikh Saif Bin Ahmed (1898–1991) * Sheikh Jabr Bin Ahmed (1899–1984) * Sheikh Ahmed Bin Ahmed (1903–1987)


References



{{DEFAULTSORT:Thani, Ahmed Muhammed Al 1853 births 1905 deaths Ahmed Muhammed People murdered in Qatar Qatari murder victims Qatari royalty Qatari politicians 20th-century Qatari people 19th-century Arab people