Agrochola Helvola

''Agrochola helvola'', the flounced chestnut, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his landmark 1758 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae''. The species is found in most of Europe, north to Scotland and Fennoscandia up to the Arctic Circle, south to Spain, Sicily (it is not found on Sardinia), Greece further east to the Middle East, Armenia, Asia Minor, western Turkestan and central Asia up to central Siberia.

The wingspan is 34–45 mm. The colour of its forewing is either dull or bright red with inner, outer, and submarginal lines brownish, formed of lunules between the veins, those of the inner line more continuous; a distinct brownish angulated median shade. Its stigmata is usually very indistinct, of the ground colour or slightly darker, with paler annuli. Its hindwing is grey, with costal and terminal areas and the fringe generally ochreous or rufous. The basal area before inner line and the space between outer and submarginal lines are darker, forming more or less prominent bands.

The dull reddish examples with these bands well-developed are typical ''helvola''; the bright red ones are ''rufina'' L.; — ''catenata'' Esp. is a moth in which the space between the outer and submarginal lines is not filled up with darker colours, so that the dark lunules forming those lines are more conspicuous; the examples with a greenish grey or ochreous ground colour, with the bands also developed are ab. ''ochrea'' Tutt; — those with a yellowish ground and purplish-brown bands are ''punica'' Bkh. The lines and bands are often obscured and semiobsolete. These less-marked forms with dull reddish ground colour are ''unicolor''; — with bright reddish ground colour called ''rufa'' Tutt; — and with greenish ochreous ground colour called ''extincta'' Spul.; ''sibirica'' Stgr. from Central Asia, has pale yellow forewings; ''cinnamomea'' Fuchs has much grey suffusion, the area beyond outer line has darker brown; specimens from Amasia, though reddish in a few cases, mostly females, are generally much paler than European, dull brownish or ochreous-grey, with indistinct or obsolete markings; in particular the hindwings
are much whiter with the grey and rufous suffusion usually slighter and more restricted in area.Seitz, A. Ed., 1914 ''Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde'', Verlag Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart Band 3: Abt. 1, Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen eulenartigen Nachtfalter, 1914
The egg is initially reddish yellow becoming, before hatching, a reddish-light-brown hue showing white spots and a yellowish egg base. The caterpillars are coloured yellow-brown or red-brown, have thin, white dorsal and dorsolateral lines and wide, white, sharply limited lateral stripes as well as whitish point warts. The pupa has two fine bristles on the cremaster.

''Agrochola helvola'' has a wide habitat range from xerothermic grasslands over mesophilic edges to fens, stream margins and other unimproved habitats.
The moth flies from September to October depending on the location.

The larvae feed on the leaves of various plants. Recorded food plants include ''Salix'', ''Quercus'', '' Corylus'', ''Prunus spinosa'', ''Rubus fruticosus'', ''Rubus idaeus'' and ''Vaccinium myrtillus''.

References

External links

Flounced Chestnut on UKmoths

Fauna Europaea


Lepiforum.de

schmetterlinge-deutschlands.de

Agrochola
Moths described in 1758
Moths of Europe
Moths of Asia
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus

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