Agha Jamal Fumani (), also known as Hajji Jamal Fumani (), was a Gilaki tribal chieftain from

Fuman Fuman (; ; died 1542) was Chieftain of the Jianzhou Jurchens and an ancestor of the future Qing dynasty emperors. His father was Sibeoci Fiyanggū. His family name was Aisin Gioro (愛新覺羅). History Fuman was the great-grandfather of Nur ...

, who controlled

Gilan Gilan Province () is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, in the northwest of the country and southwest of the Caspian Sea. Its capital is the city of Rasht. The province lies along the Caspian Sea, in Iran's Region 3, west of the province of ...

from 1749 to 1752.

Biography

Agha Jamal Fumani was a native of

—he was the son of Agha Kamal, who governed Gilan during the reign of the

Safavid The Guarded Domains of Iran, commonly called Safavid Iran, Safavid Persia or the Safavid Empire, was one of the largest and longest-lasting Iranian empires. It was ruled from 1501 to 1736 by the Safavid dynasty. It is often considered the begi ...

shah Shāh (; ) is a royal title meaning "king" in the Persian language.Yarshater, Ehsa, ''Iranian Studies'', vol. XXII, no. 1 (1989) Though chiefly associated with the monarchs of Iran, it was also used to refer to the leaders of numerous Per ...

Sultan Husayn Soltan Hoseyn (; 1668 – 9 September 1727) was the Safavid shah of Iran from 1694 to 1722. He was the son and successor of Shah Suleiman (). Born and raised in the royal harem, Soltan Hoseyn ascended the throne with limited life experience a ...

(r. 1694–1722). Furthermore, Agha Jamal Fumani was descended from the Dubbaj clan, which ruled Gilan in the late 15th-early 16th century, and claimed descent from the pre-Islamic

Sasanian Empire The Sasanian Empire (), officially Eranshahr ( , "Empire of the Iranian peoples, Iranians"), was an List of monarchs of Iran, Iranian empire that was founded and ruled by the House of Sasan from 224 to 651. Enduring for over four centuries, th ...

and the biblical prophet

Isaac Isaac ( ; ; ; ; ; ) is one of the three patriarchs (Bible), patriarchs of the Israelites and an important figure in the Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and the Baháʼí Faith. Isaac first appears in the Torah, in wh ...

. In 1749, two years after the death of the Iranian emperor

Nader Shah Nader Shah Afshar (; 6 August 1698 or 22 October 1688 – 20 June 1747) was the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Iran and one of the most powerful rulers in Iranian history, ruling as shah of Iran (Persia) from 1736 to 1747, when he was a ...

(r. 1736–1747), Agha Jamal Fumani, along with Agha Safi, seized Gilan. During the war between the

Zand dynasty The Zand dynasty () was an Iranian dynasty, founded by Karim Khan Zand (1751–1779) that initially ruled southern and central Iran in the 18th century. It later expanded to include much of the rest of contemporary Iran (except for the provi ...

and the

Qajars The Qajar family (; 1789–1925) was an Iranian royal family founded by Mohammad Khan (), a member of the Qoyunlu clan of the Turkoman-descended Qajar tribe. The dynasty's effective rule in Iran ended in 1925 when Iran's ''Majlis'', conveni ...

, the Qajar chieftain of the Qoyunlu branch,

Mohammad Hasan Khan Qajar Mohammad Hasan Khan Qajar (), also spelled Muhammad and Hassan (1715–1759), chief of the Qoyunlu branch of the Qajars (tribe), Qajar tribe of Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkomans in the Caspian coastlands around Astarabad, was the son of Fath Ali Kh ...

, made Gilan submit to his rule and in 1752 married the daughter of Agha Jamal Fumani. However, on November 6, 1752, Agha Jamal Fumani was killed in

Shaft Shaft may refer to: Rotating machine elements * Shaft (mechanical engineering), a rotating machine element used to transmit power * Line shaft, a power transmission system * Drive shaft, a shaft for transferring torque * Axle, a shaft around whi ...

by Agha Hady Shafti, who, with the aid of Mirza Zaki, who governed Gaskar, took control over the province. However, his rule was short-lived—4 months later, Agha Hady Shafti was seized and executed in an unexpected attack by Mohammad Hasan Khan Qajar, who appointed Agha Jamal Fumani's young son

Hedayat-Allah Khan Hedayat-Allah Khan (also spelled Hedayatollah Khan; ) was a Gilaki people, Gilaki prince, who was the semi-independent ruler of Gilan Province, Gilan from 1753 to 1786. Background Hedayat-Allah was the son of Agha Jamal Fumani, a tribal chieftain ...

as governor of Gilan.

References

Sources

* * * 18th-century Iranian people People from Gilan province 1753 deaths Year of birth unknown Zand governors of Gilan 18th-century monarchs in the Middle East {{Iran-royal-stub