Agent Communication Language (ACL), proposed by the

Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents The Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents (FIPA) is a body for developing and setting computer software standards for heterogeneous and interacting agents and agent-based systems. FIPA was founded as a Swiss not-for-profit organization in ...

(FIPA), is a proposed standard language for

agent Agent may refer to: Espionage, investigation, and law *, spies or intelligence officers * Law of agency, laws involving a person authorized to act on behalf of another ** Agent of record, a person with a contractual agreement with an insuran ...

communications. Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language (KQML) is another proposed standard. The most popular ACLs are: * FIPA-ACL (by the

, a standardization consortium) *

KQML The Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language, or KQML, is a language and protocol for communication among software agents and knowledge-based systems. It was developed in the early 1990s as part of the DARPA knowledge Sharing Effort, which was ai ...

(Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language) Both rely on

speech act In the philosophy of language and linguistics, speech act is something expressed by an individual that not only presents information but performs an action as well. For example, the phrase "I would like the kimchi; could you please pass it to me? ...

theory developed by

Searle Searle may refer to: __NOTOC__ Persons * Searle (surname) * J. Searle Dawley (1877–1949), American film director, producer, screenwriter, stage actor and playwright * Searle Turton (born 1979), Canadian politician Places * Serle, a comune in ...

in the 1960s and enhanced by

Winograd Winograd is a Slavic and Jewish surname: * Arthur Winograd (1920–2010), original cello player for the ''Juilliard String Quartet'' * David Ostrosky (born David Ostrosky Winograd) a Mexican actor * Eliyahu Winograd (1926–2018), chairman of the W ...

and Flores in the 1970s. They define a set of

performatives In the philosophy of language and speech acts theory, performative utterances are sentences which not only describe a given reality, but also change the social reality they are describing. In a 1955 lecture series, later published as '' How to ...

, also called Communicative Acts, and their meaning (e.g. ask-one). The content of the performative is not standardized, but varies from system to system. To make agents understand each other they have to not only speak the same language, but also have a common

ontology In metaphysics, ontology is the philosophical study of being, as well as related concepts such as existence, becoming, and reality. Ontology addresses questions like how entities are grouped into categories and which of these entities ...

. An ontology is a part of the agent's knowledge base that describes what kind of things an agent can deal with and how they are related to each other. Examples of frameworks that implement a standard agent communication language (FIPA-ACL) include FIPA-OS and

Jade Jade is a mineral used as jewellery or for ornaments. It is typically green, although may be yellow or white. Jade can refer to either of two different silicate minerals: nephrite (a silicate of calcium and magnesium in the amphibole gro ...

References

Formal languages Knowledge representation Multi-agent systems {{computing-stub