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Afro-punk (sometimes spelled Afro-punk, Afropunk, or AfroPunk) refers to the participation of black people in punk music and subculture. Participation in punk music has existed since the genre's origins in the 1969 with the ska movement of Boss Skinhead Laurel Aitken's his song Skinhead Train from 1969. Afro Punk has persisted to the present day; it has played a key role in the scene throughout the world, especially in the United States and the United Kingdom some groups with Afro Punk members are: Notable bands that can be linked to the Afro-punk community include: Death, Pure Hell, Bad Brains, Suicidal Tendencies, Dead Kennedys, Fishbone, Wesley Willis Fiasco, Suffrajett, The Templars, Unlocking the Truth and Rough Francis.


History

The term originated from the 2003 documentary '' Afro-Punk'' directed by James Spooner an
Matthew Morgan
But, Afro-punk music has been around since the mid-70s with '' Pure Hell. Pure Hell'' was the first all-black punk band that originated in
Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia ( ), colloquially referred to as Philly, is the List of municipalities in Pennsylvania, most populous city in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and the List of United States cities by population, sixth-most populous city in the Unit ...
. In addition, black people have been intertwined in the punk scene since its birth in the 1970s, with black-led bands such as X Ray Spex having connections and associations with key figures in the scene such as Johnny Rotten. During the late 90s, a series of womanist black punk concerts, under the moniker Sista Grrrl Riots, were performed in response to the lack of intersectionality found in the punk
Riot Grrrl Riot grrrl is an underground feminist punk movement that began during the early 1990s within the United States in Olympia, Washington, and the greater Pacific Northwest, and has expanded to at least 26 other countries. A subcultural movement ...
subculture. In the early 21st century, Afro-punks made up a minority in the
North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South Ameri ...
n punk scene. Notable bands that can be linked to the Afro-punk community include:
Death Death is the end of life; the irreversible cessation of all biological functions that sustain a living organism. Death eventually and inevitably occurs in all organisms. The remains of a former organism normally begin to decompose sh ...
, Pure Hell,
Bad Brains Bad Brains are an American punk rock band formed in Washington, D.C., in 1976. They are widely regarded as pioneers of hardcore punk, though the band's members have objected to the use of this term to describe their music. They are also an ade ...
,
Suicidal Tendencies Suicidal Tendencies is an American crossover thrash band formed in 1980 in Venice, California, by vocalist Mike Muir. The band has undergone various lineup changes, with Muir as the only remaining original member. Their current lineup includes ...
,
Dead Kennedys Dead Kennedys are an American punk rock band that formed in San Francisco, California, in 1978. The band was one of the defining punk bands during its initial eight-year run. Initially consisting of lead guitarist East Bay Ray, bassist Klaus Fl ...
,
Fishbone Fishbone is an American rock band from Los Angeles, California. Formed in 1979, the band plays a fusion of ska, punk, funk, metal, reggae, and soul. AllMusic has described the group as "one of the most distinctive and eclectic alternative ...
, Wesley Willis Fiasco, Suffrajett, The Templars, Unlocking the Truth Rough Francis and
Meet Me at the Altar Meet Me at the Altar (stylized as Meet Me @ the Altar) is an American pop-punk band formed in 2015. Initially, the three members—all of whom lived in different states at the time—worked on music remotely through the internet. The band went ...
. In the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
, influential black musicians associated with the late 1970s punk scene included
Poly Styrene Marianne Joan Elliott-Said (3 July 1957 – 25 April 2011), known by the stage name Poly Styrene, was an English musician, singer-songwriter, and frontwoman for the punk rock band X-Ray Spex. She was recognized as rock's original Riot grrrl, t ...
of
X-Ray Spex X-Ray Spex were an English punk rock band formed in 1976 in London. During their first incarnation (1976–1979), X-Ray Spex released five singles and one album. Their 1977 single " Oh Bondage Up Yours!" and 1978 debut album '' Germfree Adol ...
,
Don Letts Donovan Letts (born 10 January 1956) is a British film director, disc jockey (DJ) and musician. Letts first came to prominence as the videographer for the Clash, directing several of their music videos. In 1984, Letts co-founded the band Big Au ...
, and
Basement 5 Basement 5 were a reggae punk fusion band from London founded in 1978. Their first vocalist was Winston Fergus, then Don Letts. One of their early performances was a support for Public Image Ltd.'s London debut at the Rainbow on Christmas Day 19 ...
. Afro-punk has become a movement, comparable to the early
hip-hop Hip-hop or hip hop (originally disco rap) is a popular music genre that emerged in the early 1970s from the African-American community of New York City. The style is characterized by its synthesis of a wide range of musical techniques. Hi ...
movement of the 1980s. The Afropunk Music Festival was founded in 2005 by James Spooner and Matthew Morgan.


Festivals

AfroPunk has Festivals in 5 locations. The 2019 Brooklyn AfroPunk Festival took place on August 24 and 25. The Atlanta AfroPunk will take place October 12 and 13. There will also be festivals in
London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...
,
Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...
, and
Johannesburg Johannesburg ( , , ; Zulu language, Zulu and Xhosa language, Xhosa: eGoli ) (colloquially known as Jozi, Joburg, Jo'burg or "The City of Gold") is the most populous city in South Africa. With 5,538,596 people in the City of Johannesburg alon ...
. The line-up for the festivals vary depending on location, but include artists Jill Scott, Anderson.Paak,
FKA Twigs Tahliah Debrett Barnett (born 16 January 1988), known professionally as FKA Twigs (stylized as FKA twigs), is an English singer, songwriter, record producer, actor, and dancer. She was a backup dancer for numerous musicians, and made her musica ...
, Leon Bridges,
Danny Brown Daniel Dewan Sewell (born March 16, 1981), better known as Danny Brown, is an American rapper, singer and songwriter from Detroit, Michigan. He was described by MTV in 2011 as "one of rap's most unique figures in recent memory". After amassing ...
,
Smino Christopher Smith Jr. (born October 2, 1991), better known by his stage name Smino, is an American rapper and singer. He is the founder of the musical collective Zero Fatigue with Bari, Monte Booker, Jay2, and Ravyn Lenae. He is one third of ...
,
Tierra Whack Tierra Helena Whack (born August 11, 1995) is an American rapper and singer. She originally performed as "Dizzle Dizz" as a teenager but reverted to her birth name in 2017. Her debut mixtape, '' Whack World'', was released in May 2018 and recei ...
, Ho99o9, Earth Gang,
Kamasi Washington Kamasi Tii Washington (born February 18, 1981) is an American arranger, composer and jazz saxophonist. Archived July 9, 2015. He is a founding member of the jazz collective West Coast Get Down. Career Washington was born in 1981 and raise ...
,
Santigold Santi White (born September 25, 1976), known professionally as Santigold (formerly Santogold), is an American singer and songwriter. Her debut studio album, '' Santogold'' (2008), was released by Atlantic Records and met with widespread critica ...
,
Fever 333 Fever 333 (or the Fever 333) is an American rock band formed in Inglewood, California, in July 2017. The band was founded by former Letlive vocalist Jason Aalon Butler, former the Chariot guitarist Stephen Harrison and Night Verses drummer A ...
, Leikeli47, Mahalia, and many more. The recent 2023 lineup featured
Joey Bada$$ Jo-Vaughn Virginie Scott (born January 20, 1995), known professionally as Joey Badass (stylized as Joey Bada$$), is an American rapper and actor. Born in Brooklyn, New York City, he formed the regional hip-hop group Pro Era in 2011, with whom he ...
, Baby Tate, Sudan Archives, Enny, and more. AfroPunk's 2024 festival, titled "AfroPunk: BLKTOPIA" occurred from August 22-August 24 at Prospect Park in Brooklyn, New York.The festival hosted by Amari Marshall and headlined by Eryka Badu featured performances by artists including Phunky Nomad, Winter Wolf, Breezy Supreme, Hue, Rebelmatic, Jenny Haes Techno, DJ Moma, Larissa Luz, and Derand Bernarr. The event also included a ball hosted by House of Juicy Couture.


Controversies

On September 4, 2018 Lou Constant-Desportes resigned from his position as Editor-in-Chief of the festival's official website, Afropunk.com, citing higher-up's dilution of the festival's radical beliefs as a major factor in his resignation. Constant-Desportes also accused the organization of "gaslighting, victim-blaming, and exploitation" as stated in an interview with the online publication Vibe. One month prior, in August of the same year (2018) Ebony Donnley, alongside another individual were removed from the premises of the AfroPunk festival in Brooklyn, New York by the festival's co-founder Matthew Morgan. The pair were allegedly removed as a result of the text written on Donnley's t-shirt, reading "AfroPunk sold out for white consumption".


Gentrification of Afro-punk

The idea that "Afropunk sold out for white consumption" is not a recent concept. On August 15, 2015, in an article titled "Gentrifying Afropunk" Hannah Giorgis also criticizes the current direction that Afropunk is headed towards, a broader appeal to audiences through the mixing of other genres like soul, instead of focusing strictly on punk music. This has caused a split in the afro-punk community, as some wish for Afro-punk to evolve with the times and cater to a growing audience, while others want afro-punk to remain untainted or separate from other genres of music. "While this move toward attracting wider audiences has worked, it's also shifted the focus away from the movement's origins-and pushed out punk fans in the process"


References


External links


Afro-Punk Film Official SiteAfroPunk Festival Official Site"The True Story Of How Afropunk Turned A Message Board Into A Movement
The Fader, August 21, 2015
"Afro-Punk Scene Explodes Into A Multi-Genre Movement"
MTV, December 12, 2008

''
The New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of ...
'' *Trailer for James Spooner's documentar
AfroPunk


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