Afropeltis

The genus ''Helopeltis'', also sometimes known as mosquito bugs, is a group of heteropterans in the family Miridae (capsid bugs) and tribe Dicyphini. They include pests of various crops, including cacao, cashew, cotton and tea. Now in a different subgenus, or placed in its own genus. A number of ''Afropeltis'' species are pests in Africa.

Mosquito bugs have a characteristic spine on the scutellum, which is a diagnostic feature. Classification in the field is based on morphological characteristics, with considerable variations in colouration between insects of the same species (although for example, ''H. theivora'' is characteristically green and ''H. antonii'' red-brown).

Damage and distribution

With typical Hemipteran sucking mouthparts, they pierce plant tissues and cause damage ranging from leaf tattering and fruit blemishes, to complete death of shoots, branches or whole plants.

There has been evident speciation along the islands of the Malay Archipelago and there may be cryptic species in this genus. ''Helopeltis'' spp. sensu stricto are important 'new encounter' pests of SE Asian cocoa including:
* ''H. antonii'': India through to West Irian
* ''H. bakeri'': Malay Peninsula and Philippines
* ''H. bradyi'': Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Indonesia
* ''H. clavifer'': Sabah and Papua New Guinea
* ''H. collaris'': Philippines
* ''H. sulawesi'': Sulawesi
* ''H. sumatranus'': Sumatra
* '' H. theivora'' (with ''H. theobromae'' as a sub-species): India through to Java

Other cocoa Mirid pest species, very similar to ''Helopeltis'', are the African species which were placed into ''Afropeltis'' by Schmitz (1968). These species usually have a lesser pests status than their Asian counterparts, with ''Sahlbergella singularis'' and '' Distantiella theobromae'' causing greatest cocoa tree and crop damage in Central and West Africa. ''Monalonion'' species, belonging to the same tribe, are similarly minor pests of Latin American cocoa.

Species

The Catalogue of life currently (2023Catalogue of life
(searched 20 December 2023)) lists:

# '' Helopeltis alluaudi''
# '' Helopeltis anacardii''
# ''Helopeltis antonii''
# '' Helopeltis bakeri''
# '' Helopeltis basilewskyi''
# '' Helopeltis bergevini''
# '' Helopeltis bergrothi''
# '' Helopeltis bradyi''
# '' Helopeltis carayoni''
# '' Helopeltis cinchonae''
# '' Helopeltis clavifer''
# '' Helopeltis collaris''
# '' Helopeltis corbisieri''
# '' Helopeltis couturieri''
# '' Helopeltis cuneata''
# '' Helopeltis fasciaticollis''
# '' Helopeltis gerini''
# '' Helopeltis ghesquierei''
# '' Helopeltis hyalospilosus''
# '' Helopeltis insularis''
# '' Helopeltis labaumei''
# '' Helopeltis lalandei''
# '' Helopeltis lemosi''
# '' Helopeltis maynei''
# '' Helopeltis mayumbensis''
# '' Helopeltis melanescens''
# '' Helopeltis obscuratus''
# '' Helopeltis orophila''
# '' Helopeltis pellucida''
# '' Helopeltis pernicialis''
# '' Helopeltis plebejus''
# '' Helopeltis podagricus''
# '' Helopeltis poppiusi''
# '' Helopeltis pseudomaynei''
# '' Helopeltis rauwolfiae''
# '' Helopeltis schoutedeni''
# '' Helopeltis seredensis''
# '' Helopeltis sulawesi''
# '' Helopeltis sumatranus''
# ''Helopeltis theivora''
# '' Helopeltis villiersi''
# '' Helopeltis waterhousei''
# '' Helopeltis westwoodii''

''Afropeltis''

Entwistle (1972) lists and maps ten species of ''Afropeltis'' attacking cocoa:
* the '' A. bergrothi'' group:
** ''A. bergrothi'': widely distributed east of the Niger River
** ''A. lalendei'' (= ''H. bergevini''): very common, Ivory Coast to Nigeria
** ''A. serendensis'': Ivory Coast and probably Ghana
** ''A. corbisieri'': humid forest in central Africa
** ''A. gerini'': southern Cameroun
** ''A. mayumbensis'': north and east of the Congo River
* ''A. poppiusi'': widespread, but only found on cocoa in Ivory Coast
* ''A. schoutedeni'': the most widespread in tropical Africa
* ''A. lemosi'': São Tomé and Príncipe
* ''A. westwoodi'': widespread in west and central Africa

References

External links

*
*

DropData cocoa pest guide

PestInfo wiki

{{Authority control

Miridae genera
Dicyphini