Route
The Towy rises within of the source of the River Teifi on the lower slopes of Crug Gynan in the Cambrian Mountains. Flowing through the steep hills of the Tywi Forest, it forms the boundary between Ceredigion and Powys. The river flows generally south-westwards through Carmarthenshire, passing through the towns of Llandovery and Llandeilo. Its total length is . with numerous tributaries that include the River Cothi, Cothi, River Gwili, Gwili, Brân, and Doethie. In Carmarthen, it is joined by a substantial tributary, the River Gwili, at Abergwili. The estuary meets Carmarthen Bay east of the Pendine Sands along with the River Taf and both branches of the River Gwendraeth. The estuary was guarded by Llansteffan Castle, a 12th-century Norman architecture, Norman castle.Damming of the Towy
About from its source, the swift flow of the Towy is interrupted by the Llyn Brianne reservoir, created in 1972 by damming a section of the river to store winter rain for release into the river during dry periods. The reservoir supports the new abstraction at Nantgaredig which supplies a large swathe of south-east Wales with drinking water. The flow in the River Towy would have been unable to sustain such an abstraction were it not for the release of water from the upland reservoir.Ecology
Fish
The Towy is a national draw for big sea trout (local name ''sewin''), the seagoing form of the brown trout, ''Salmo trutta''. These fish enter the river each spring and early summer to breed in the tributaries. The river is thought to produce more double-figure (10 lbs plus, or about 5 kg or more) sea trout than any other in Britain. Anglers and estuary netsmen have taken these fish to over in weight. In summer and autumn there is also a substantial run of Atlantic salmon (''Salmo salar''). In May the Towy has a run of the rare and protected twaite shad and allis shad. The Towy also contains brown trout, eels, pike, and a variety of small fish species, and is home to brook lampreys, river lampreys and sea lampreys. The Towy has the distinction of having accidentally produced by far the biggest fish ever taken on rod and line in fresh water in Britain. This was a sturgeon (''Acipwienser sturio'') weighing 388 lb (176 kg) and in length which was caught in the river near Nantgaredig by Alec Allen on 28 July 1932. The last sturgeon in UK waters was seen in the river in 1993. https://www.wwf.org.uk/press-release/calls-save-sturgeon-living-fossil-fish-slip-towards-extinction#:~:text=In%20the%20UK%2C%20sturgeon%20were,routes%20contributed%20to%20their%20decline.Mammals
The Towy has a thriving population of Eurasian otter, otters, as well as many commoner mammal species. Grey seals are common in the lower reaches and sometimes penetrate several miles up river in pursuit of sea trout and salmon.Birds
The Towy and surrounding valley () are home to a very large variety of water and wetland birds. Among the more distinctive species found along the river are sand martins, common sandpipers, little ringed plovers, white-throated dipper, dippers, common kingfisher, kingfishers and grey wagtails. Red kites and common buzzard, buzzards are numerous. Goosanders and great cormorant, cormorants prey on sea trout and salmon.Plants
The prevalence of oxbow lakes in the Towy valley provides some spectacular shows through the year. In summer at Bishop's Pond in Abergwili (an oxbow lake formed when the river flooded in 1802) there is a spectacular show of yellow Nymphaeaceae, water lilies on the pond when the water level drops and Glyceria maxima, reed sweet-grass fringes the edges – a species also found nearby in the River Teifi, Teifi valley further west in Pembrokeshire, in Gower Peninsula, Gower, in Powys (especially along the Montgomery Canal), on Anglesey and in several sites along the North Wales coast.Glanrhyd Bridge disaster
On 19 October 1987, three days after the Great Storm of 1987, four people were killed when a train plunged off Glanrhyd Bridge near Llangadog into the flooded river.Notes and references
Explanatory notes
References
Further reading
* * Lillicrap, R. J. ''The Llyn Brianne Dam and the River Towy Scheme''. Llandovery: Llandovery Publications, 1998.External links