Aeminium was the ancient name of the city of
Coimbra
Coimbra (, also , , or ), officially the City of Coimbra (), is a city and a concelho, municipality in Portugal. The population of the municipality at the 2021 census was 140,796, in an area of .
The fourth-largest agglomerated urban area in Po ...
, Portugal.
The
Romans founded the
civitas
In Ancient Rome, the Latin term (; plural ), according to Cicero in the time of the late Roman Republic, was the social body of the , or citizens, united by Roman law, law (). It is the law that binds them together, giving them responsibilitie ...
of Aeminium in this place at the time of
Augustus
Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian (), was the founder of the Roman Empire, who reigned as the first Roman emperor from 27 BC until his death in A ...
, which came under the protection of nearby
Conímbriga situated some to the south.
The Roman city was encircled by a wall, and followed an orthogonal plan, with the ''
cardo maximus'' and ''
decumanus maximus'' crossing at the
forum. An
aqueduct existed, the remains of which were incorporated into a latter medieval renovation. Locations for the
theater
Theatre or theater is a collaborative form of performing art that uses live performers, usually actors to present experiences of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place, often a stage. The performers may communi ...
and
amphitheater were also proposed, but still unconfirmed by archeology. A
triumphal arch
A triumphal arch is a free-standing monumental structure in the shape of an archway with one or more arched passageways, often designed to span a road, and usually standing alone, unconnected to other buildings. In its simplest form, a triumphal ...
is documented, but was destroyed in 1778. Also a
necropolis was located to the east of the city.
The
Suebi
file:1st century Germani.png, 300px, The approximate positions of some Germanic peoples reported by Graeco-Roman authors in the 1st century. Suebian peoples in red, and other Irminones in purple.
The Suebi (also spelled Suavi, Suevi or Suebians ...
razed the nearby township of
Conímbriga in 468. Its inhabitants, who had meanwhile fled to Aeminium, kept the original name of their town.
In modern Coimbra there are few remains from ancient Aeminium. The most important is the ''
cryptoporticus'', an underground gallery of arched corridors built in the 1st or 2nd century AD to support the
forum of the city.
Gaius Sevius Lupus was probably the architect. During the Middle Ages the bishop's palace, now turned into the
Machado de Castro National Museum, was built over the forum; the ''cryptoporticus'' is located under it.
The ''cryptoporticus'' can be visited through the museum.
See also
*
History of Portugal
*
Lusitania
Lusitania (; ) was an ancient Iberian Roman province encompassing most of modern-day Portugal (south of the Douro River) and a large portion of western Spain (the present Extremadura and Province of Salamanca). Romans named the region after th ...
*
Roman cities in Portugal
References
History of Coimbra
Roman towns and cities in Portugal
{{AncientRome-stub